AceDoPC, a structured phospholipid to target the brain with docosahexaenoic acid

Lagarde, Michel; Hachem, Mayssa; Picq, Madeleine; Guichardant, Michel

doi:10.1051/ocl/2015061

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It has been suggested that the brain maintains DHA levels primarily via the uptake of DHA from lipids in circulating blood through the blood-brain barrier, rather than possessing particularly active endogenous biosynthesis, which is reportedly lower in in the brain compared to other tissues (DeMar et al 2006). There is evidence that a major transporter of DHA to the brain is in the form of lyso-phosphatidylcholine (sn 2-DHA-PC), which is taken up by a specific transporter known as MFSD2A, located in the blood brain barrier (Lagarde et al 2016). Consequently, a mounting number of studies are focusing on the role for DHA in brain development and the prevention of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders.…”

Section: Dha In the Brain And Visual Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does high DHA fish oil affect health? A systematic review of evidence

Fard

Wang

Sinclair

et al. 2018

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

182

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The health benefits of fish oil, and its omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content, have attracted much scientific attention in the last four decades. Fish oils that contain higher amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) than docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), in a distinctive ratio of 18/12, are typically the most abundantly available and are commonly studied. Although the two fatty acids have traditionally been considered together, as though they were one entity, different physiological effects of EPA and DHA have recently been reported. New oils containing a higher quantity of DHA compared with EPA, such as fractionated and concentrated fish oil, tuna oil, calamari oil and microalgae oil, are increasingly becoming available on the market, and other oils, including those extracted from genetically modified oilseed crops, soon to come. This systematic review focuses on the effects of high DHA fish oils on various human health conditions, such as the heart and cardiovascular system, the brain and visual function, inflammation and immune function and growth/Body Mass Index. Although inconclusive results were reported in several instances, and inconsistent outcomes observed in others, current data provides substantiated evidence in support of DHA being a beneficial bioactive compound for heart, cardiovascular and brain function, with different, and at times complementary, effects compared with EPA. DHA has also been reported to be effective in slowing the rate of cognitive decline, while its possible effects on depression disorders are still unclear. Interestingly, gender- and age- specific divergent roles for DHA have also been reported. This review provides a comprehensive collection of evidence and a critical summary of the documented physiological effects of high DHA fish oils for human health.

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Section: Dha In the Brain And Visual Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does high DHA fish oil affect health? A systematic review of evidence

Fard

Wang

Sinclair

et al. 2018

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

182

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“…Furthermore, it is integral to membrane trafficking and molecule transportation. LysoPC composed of C22:6 (at the sn-2 position) has been demonstrated to be more effective than C22:6-free fatty acids in crossing the blood-brain barrier [67].…”

Section: Phosphatidylcholinementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Eukaryote Cellular Membrane Lipid Composition, with Special Attention to the Fatty Acids

Ali,

Szabó

2023

IJMS

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Biological membranes, primarily composed of lipids, envelop each living cell. The intricate composition and organization of membrane lipids, including the variety of fatty acids they encompass, serve a dynamic role in sustaining cellular structural integrity and functionality. Typically, modifications in lipid composition coincide with consequential alterations in universally significant signaling pathways. Exploring the various fatty acids, which serve as the foundational building blocks of membrane lipids, provides crucial insights into the underlying mechanisms governing a myriad of cellular processes, such as membrane fluidity, protein trafficking, signal transduction, intercellular communication, and the etiology of certain metabolic disorders. Furthermore, comprehending how alterations in the lipid composition, especially concerning the fatty acid profile, either contribute to or prevent the onset of pathological conditions stands as a compelling area of research. Hence, this review aims to meticulously introduce the intricacies of membrane lipids and their constituent fatty acids in a healthy organism, thereby illuminating their remarkable diversity and profound influence on cellular function. Furthermore, this review aspires to highlight some potential therapeutic targets for various pathological conditions that may be ameliorated through dietary fatty acid supplements. The initial section of this review expounds on the eukaryotic biomembranes and their complex lipids. Subsequent sections provide insights into the synthesis, membrane incorporation, and distribution of fatty acids across various fractions of membrane lipids. The last section highlights the functional significance of membrane-associated fatty acids and their innate capacity to shape the various cellular physiological responses.

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“…More recently, to avoid FA migration from the sn-2 to the sn-1 position in LPC-DHA, the sn-1 position was blocked with an acetyl group, leading to the formation of a phospholipid named 1-acetyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-glycerophosphocholine or AceDoPC ® ( Figure 3 ). AceDoPC ® is considered to be a stabilised form of LPC-DHA [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Structure and Biosynthesis Of Lpcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Fish-Derived Lysophosphatidylcholine: Properties, Extraction, Quantification, and Brain Health Application

et al. 2023

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Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids esterified in lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC-omega-3) are the most bioavailable omega-3 fatty acid form and are considered important for brain health. Lysophosphatidylcholine is a hydrolyzed phospholipid that is generated from the action of either phospholipase PLA1 or PLA2. There are two types of LPC; 1-LPC (where the omega-3 fatty acid at the sn-2 position is acylated) and 2-LPC (where the omega-3 fatty acid at the sn-1 position is acylated). The 2-LPC type is more highly bioavailable to the brain than the 1-LPC type. Given the biological and health aspects of LPC types, it is important to understand the structure, properties, extraction, quantification, functional role, and effect of the processing of LPC. This review examines various aspects involved in the extraction, characterization, and quantification of LPC. Further, the effects of processing methods on LPC and the potential biological roles of LPC in health and wellbeing are discussed. DHA-rich-LysoPLs, including LPC, can be enzymatically produced using lipases and phospholipases from wide microbial strains, and the highest yields were obtained by Lipozyme RM-IM®, Lipozyme TL-IM®, and Novozym 435®. Terrestrial-based phospholipids generally contain lower levels of long-chain omega-3 PUFAs, and therefore, they are considered less effective in providing the same health benefits as marine-based LPC. Processing (e.g., thermal, fermentation, and freezing) reduces the PL in fish. LPC containing omega-3 PUFA, mainly DHA (C22:6 omega-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid EPA (C20:5 omega-3) play important role in brain development and neuronal cell growth. Additionally, they have been implicated in supporting treatment programs for depression and Alzheimer’s. These activities appear to be facilitated by the acute function of a major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2 (Mfsd2a), expressed in BBB endothelium, as a chief transporter for LPC-DHA uptake to the brain. LPC-based delivery systems also provide the opportunity to improve the properties of some bioactive compounds during storage and absorption. Overall, LPCs have great potential for improving brain health, but their safety and potentially negative effects should also be taken into consideration.

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AceDoPC, a structured phospholipid to target the brain with docosahexaenoic acid

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

How does high DHA fish oil affect health? A systematic review of evidence

How does high DHA fish oil affect health? A systematic review of evidence

Review of Eukaryote Cellular Membrane Lipid Composition, with Special Attention to the Fatty Acids

Marine Fish-Derived Lysophosphatidylcholine: Properties, Extraction, Quantification, and Brain Health Application

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