Aceclidine, brimonidine tartrate, and dapiprazole: Comparison of miotic effect and tolerability under different lighting conditions

Abstract

Brimonidine tartrate 0.20% had the best miotic effect of the 3 agents tested and was well tolerated by the patients. The reproducible miotic effect of brimonidine tartrate under all lighting conditions might benefit postoperative refractive patients who report night-vision difficulties related to large pupils.

Pupillometry Study of Brimonidine Tartrate 0.2% and Apraclonidine 0.5%

“…However, the design of this investigation also allowed determination that this effect occurred independent of physiological, placebo, and possible vehicle factors or demographic characteristics of the participating subjects. Several studies have documented the effects of α‐adrenoreceptors agonist on the iris 1 – 3 , 11 , 20 – 28 . Most of these studies have not included in their protocols the use of a placebo drop or included in their analyses a comparison with the eye receiving no treatment.…”

“…Ocular irritation has similarly been reported to be less with brimonidine tartrate 0.2% than with apraclonidine 1 , 2 , 11 , 13 . Pupillary miosis and mydriasis have been documented with the use of brimonidine tartrate (0.15% and 0.2%) and 1.0% apraclonidine 1 – 3 , 11 , 20 – 28 . The contradictory findings in pupil size determinations have been attributed to methodological shortcomings, including the use of instruments such as millimeter calipers having low reproducibility and accuracy as compared to pupilometers, and to measurements obtained without adequate illumination control 1 , 3 , 11 .…”

“…Our investigation design included defined luminance conditions, the use of placebo on the contralateral nontreatment eye, and the use of the same subjects to study the drugs’ effects; furthermore, we followed a double‐blind experimental controlled protocol. Clarification of anterior segment configuration changes resulting from the use of these medications may have applicability for management of some ocular conditions 25 , 26 , 28 – 30 . Part of the information provided by this article has been previously presented as a poster at the American Academy of Optometry meeting in Orlando 2009.…”

Effectiveness of daily use of brimonidine as antimydriatic agent

“…Canovetti et al 1 compare the pupillary effects of an acetylcholine receptor agonist (aceclidine 0.02%), an a 2 -receptor agonist (brimonidine tartrate 0.2%), and an a 1 -receptor antagonist (dapiprazole 0.25%). Aceclidine is a true parasympathetic miotic agent that stimulates contraction of the pupil sphincter muscle; brimonidine and dapriprazole are better termed antimydriatic agents because they block normal sympathetic neuromuscular transmission to the pupil dilator muscle, thus preventing the pupil dark response.…”

Development of LC‐MS/MS method for the determination of dapiprazole on dried blood spots and urine: application to pharmacokinetics

“…It inhibits amphetamine toxicity and alcohol and morphine withdrawal syndromes, it produces sedation, blocks conditioned avoidance reflexes and reduces the response to noxious stimuli. Human tests have proved the efficacy of DPZ in psychotic conditions, such as the withdrawal syndrome from opiods (Valeri et al, 1986;Bianchi and Segre, 1990;Canovetti et al, 2009). Mepiprazole (MPZ) {1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-[2-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)ethyl]piperazine; Fig.…”