ACE I/D Polymorphism and Cardiac Adaptations in Adolescent Athletes

Rizzo, Marco; Gensini, Francesca; Fatini, Cinzia; Manetti, Paolo; Pucci, Nicola; Capalbo, Andrea; Vono, Maria Concetta Robertina; Galanti, Giorgio

doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000098993.51693.0b

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore individuals with athlete's heart could exhibit further cardiac adaptation in response to both different training and kind of practiced sport [22,23]. Although these modifications have been largely studied in elite athletes, very little informations are currently available about young elite athletes who share the same training load.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of exercise training on left ventricular function in young elite athletes

Luca

Stefani

Pedrizzetti

et al. 2011

Cardiovasc Ultrasound

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundRegular training, in particular endurance exercise, induces structural myocardial adaptation, so-called "athlete's heart". In addition to the 2D standard echo parameters, assessment of myocardial function is currently possible by deformation parameters (strain, rotation and twist). Aim of study is to assess the role of rotation and twist parameters for better characterize the heart performance in trained elite young athletes from different kind of sports. Eventually, verify early on any possible impact due to the regular sport activity not revealed by the standard parameters.Methods50 young athletes (16 cyclists, 17 soccer players, 17 basket players) regularly trained at least three times a week for at least 9 months a year and 10 young controls (mean age 18.5 ± 0.5 years) were evaluated either by to 2D echocardiography or by a Speckle Tracking (ST) multi-layer approach to calculate Left Ventricle (LV) endocardial and epicardial rotation, twist, circumferential strain (CS) and longitudinal strain (LS). Data were compared by ANOVA test.ResultsAll the found values were within the normal range. Left Ventricle Diastolic Diameter (LVDD 51.7 ± 2.6 mm), Cardiac Mass index (CMi 114.5 ± 18.5 g/m2), epi-CS, epi-LS, epicardial apex rotation and the Endo/Epi twist were significantly higher only in cyclists. In all the groups, a physiological difference of the Endo/Epi basal circumferential strain and twist values have been found. A weak but not significant relationship between the Endo and twist values and LVDD (r2 = 0.44, p = .005) and CMi was also reported in cyclists.ConclusionsProgressive increase of apical LV twist may represent an important component of myocardial remodelling. This aspect is particularly evident in the young cyclists group where the CMi and the LVDD are higher. ST multilayer approach completes the LV performance evaluation in young trained athletes showing values similar to adults.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of exercise training on left ventricular function in young elite athletes

Luca

Stefani

Pedrizzetti

et al. 2011

Cardiovasc Ultrasound

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There is also evidence that angiotensin II is involved in cell growth (Weber, 1997) and that the D allele is associated with ventricular hypertrophy (Schunkert et al 1994). Accordingly, several studies reported an association between the D allele and left ventricular mass of athletes (Fatini et al 2000; Nagashima et al 2000; Hernandez et al 2003; Rizzo et al 2003). Finally, Ashley et al (2006) recently reported that in ultramarathon runners, homozygotes for the D allele exhibited an increase in sympathovagal balance, resulting in greater sympathetic activation after the race that may have served to limit the decline in left ventricular function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ACE deletion allele is associated with Israeli elite endurance athletes

Amir

Chen

et al. 2007

Experimental Physiology

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An Alu insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism in the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been associated with ACE activity. Opposing effects on elite athletic performance have been proposed for the I and D alleles; while the D allele favours improved endurance ability, the I allele promotes more power-orientated events. We tested this hypothesis by determining the frequency of ACE ID alleles amongst 121 Israeli top-level athletes classified by their sporting discipline (marathon runners or sprinters). Genotyping for ACE ID was performed using polymerase chain reaction on DNA from leucocytes. The ACE genotype and allele frequencies were compared with those of 247 healthy individuals. Allele and genotype frequencies differed significantly between the groups. The frequency of the D allele was 0.77 in the marathon runners, 0.66 in the control subjects (P = 0.01) and 0.57 in the sprinters (P = 0.002). The ACE DD genotype was more prevalent among the endurance athletes (0.62) than among the control subjects (0.43, P = 0.004) and the power athletes (0.34, P = 0.004). In the group of elite athletes, the odds ratio of ACE DD genotype being an endurance athlete was 3.26 (95% confidence interval 1.49-7.11), and of ACE II genotype was 0.41 (95% confidence interval 0.14-1.19). We conclude that in Israeli elite marathon runners the frequency of the ACE D allele and ACE DD genotype seems to be higher than in sprinters, suggesting a positive association between the D allele and the likelihood of being an elite endurance athlete in some ethnic groups.

show abstract

“…The association between ACE genotype and left ventricular growth in response to exercise, both in diseased patients and in elite athletes, is slightly better established (van Berlo and Pinto 2003). Significant associations between the D allele of ACE and LVM have been reported in several studies of athletes (Fatini et al 2000;Herna´ndez et al 2003;Nagashima et al 2000;Rizzo et al 2003) and individuals exposed to physical training (Montgomery et al 1997), although, in other athlete cohorts, the association between the ACE D allele and LVM was only significant in combination with other genetic variants (Diet et al 2001) or was not identified at all (Karjalainen et al 1999). The association does not appear to be present in untrained healthy controls (Kauma et al 1998;Linhart et al 2000) suggesting that any influence of ACE genotype on cardiac function involves an interaction between genotype and training.…”

Section: Genetic Associations With Performance-related Traitsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Genes and human elite athletic performance

2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Physical fitness is a complex phenotype influenced by a myriad of environmental and genetic factors, and variation in human physical performance and athletic ability has long been recognised as having a strong heritable component. Recently, the development of technology for rapid DNA sequencing and genotyping has allowed the identification of some of the individual genetic variations that contribute to athletic performance. This review will examine the evidence that has accumulated over the last three decades for a strong genetic influence on human physical performance, with an emphasis on two sets of physical traits, viz. cardiorespiratory and skeletal muscle function, which are particularly important for performance in a variety of sports. We will then review recent studies that have identified individual genetic variants associated with variation in these traits and the polymorphisms that have been directly associated with elite athlete status. Finally, we explore the scientific implications of our rapidly growing understanding of the genetic basis of variation in performance.

show abstract

ACE I/D Polymorphism and Cardiac Adaptations in Adolescent Athletes

Abstract: The results of the study show that significant changes occur in cardiac morphology and function in adolescent athletes. Interestingly, the ACE I/D polymorphism was associated with the degree of cardiac hypertrophy but not with the occurrence of LVH itself.

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

The effect of exercise training on left ventricular function in young elite athletes

The effect of exercise training on left ventricular function in young elite athletes

The ACE deletion allele is associated with Israeli elite endurance athletes

Genes and human elite athletic performance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About