Ace I/D and Ace2 Receptor Gene (Rs2106809, Rs2285666) Polymorphisms Is Not Related to the Clinical Course of Covid-19; A Case Study

Abstract

Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease, that’s the reason for the currently ongoing pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) has been recognized as the specific receptor of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Although the possible effect of ACE2 gene polymorphism remains unknown, human ACE2 receptor expression influences SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease outcome. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between ACE gene I/D polymorphism, ACE2 receptor gene polymorphism, and Covid-19 severity. Methods: ACE gene I/D polymorphism and ACE2 receptor gene rs2106809 and rs2285666 polymorphisms were determined using PCR and PCR-RFLP methods, respectively in 155 Covid19 patients who were divided into 3 groups (mild, moderate, and severe) according to clinical symptoms. Results: However, the distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of ACE gene I/D, ACE2 receptor gene rs2106809, and rs2285666 polymorphisms was not statistically significant in all groups. Conclusions: In conclusion, in the study population, ACE gene I/D, ACE2 receptor gene rs2106809, and rs2285666 polymorphisms were not associated with the severity of Covid-19 infection. Although, ACE2 receptor gene expression may affect the susceptibility to Covid-19, there is no existing evidence that the ACE or ACE2 gene polymorphisms are directly associated with Covid-19 severity. Interindividual differences in covid-19 severity might be related to epigenetic mechanisms of ACE2 receptor gene expression or variations in other genes suggested to have critical role in COVID-19 pathogenesis such as proinflammatory cytokines, coagulation indicators. Keywords: COVID-19 , ACE , ACE2, rs2106809, rs2285666

ACE and ACE2 Gene Variants Are Associated With Severe Outcomes of COVID-19 in Men

“…Conversely, our results showed no significant association of this variant with COVID-19 outcomes, but we found a significant association with hypertension that could be an indirect effect of COVID-19 complications (see Supplementary Material). In agreement with our results, Karakas et al reported that I/D was not associated with the severity of COVID-19 infection in Turkey populations (33). Nevertheless, it is important to point out that the D/D genotype of ACE gene has a role on the reninangiotensin system, by increasing ACE levels and angiotensininactivating AT-1 receptor, and downstream pathophysiological effects.…”

ACE gene I/D polymorphism and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients: a meta-analysis

“…The characteristics of included studies are summarized in Table 1. The studies were from Spain [17], India [18], Italy [19] and Turkey [20,21]. Ethnicity was Caucasian in 4 studies, with the fourth study including patients of Indian ethnicity.…”

Genetic polymorphisms of ACE1, ACE2, and TMPRSS2 associated with COVID‐19 severity: A systematic review with meta‐analysis

“…Of these, eight studies were pooled to explore associations of genetic polymorphisms with COVID-19 severity. 13,14,20,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] After scrutinising all eligible studies, we summarised and classified major events associated with polymorphisms by focussing on host genetic variants: ACE1 rs1799752, ACE1 rs4646994, ACE2 rs2285666, and TMPRSS2 rs12329760. Descriptive data of the included studies are demonstrated in Table 1.…”