ACE Genotype May Have an Effect on Single versus Multiple Set Preferences in Strength Training

Abstract

A polymorphic variant of the human angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene was identified. The 'D' (rather than 'I') variant was associated with improvements in strength related to physical training. We set out to determine whether the response to different patterns of strength training might also differ. Ninty-nine Caucasian male non-elite athletes were randomly allocated into one of three groups: 31 non-training/control (CG: 31), single-set (SSG: 35) and multiple-set (MSG: 33). SSG and MSG trained three times a week for 6 weeks. Both training groups were underwent a strength-training program with two mesocycles (12-15 repetition maximum (RM) and 8-12 RM mesocycles). One RM loads in half squat and bench press were assessed before training and after the first and second mesocycles. ACE polymorphisms analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Subjects with ACE II genotype in the MST group had improved strength development in 12-15 RM, while SST and MST groups had similar gains in 8-12 RM. Subjects with ACE DD genotype in both the SSG and the MSG had similar benefits from both 12-15 RM and 8-12 RM. Strength gains for subjects with ACE ID genotype in the SSG were similar to MSG gains in response to 8-12 RM loads but not with 12-15 RM loads. Additionally, subjects with DD genotype had superior strength gains in both strength training groups. Tailoring strength training programmes (single-set vs. multiple set) according to the athlete's ACE genotype may be advantageous.

Differential response to resistance training in CHF according to ACE genotype

“…The genotype dependent changes in PP in response to the resistance training intervention that we observed in heart failure patients is in keeping with those of previous studies of healthy volunteers, which indicate that individuals with the D allele may be better suited to resistance or power type exercise than those homozygous for the I allele (16,17). It might be tempting to suggest that the changes in peak RER were responsible for the changes in PP.…”

“…Angiotensin II is a mediator of the hypertrophic response to mechanical loading in rodent muscle (28,29) . The potential synergistic actions of angiotensin II in combination with mechanical loading provides a mechanism by which the previously observed (16,17) greater increases in strength following resistance training in subjects with the D allele may have occurred.…”

“…In healthy young males with the D allele, 6-9 weeks of resistance training resulted in greater strength increases (16,17). To date only two studies have investigated the effect of ACE genotype on the response to exercise training in patients with cardiovascular disease with discordant findings (18,19).…”

Athletic Performance and Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Gene: Review

“…31 Türk sporcularla yapılan başka bir çalışmada, 99 elit olmayan sporcunun ADE DD genotipinin kuvvet antrenman gruplarında üstün mukavemet kazancı gösterdiği saptanmıştır. 32 Lucia ve ark., ADE gen polimorfizmini belirlemek için 50 elit bisikletçi, 27 elit koşucu ve 119 sedanter kontrol grubunu çalışmışlardır. Bu çalışmada araştırmacılar, DD ve I/D genotipi ile D allelinin elit bisikletçilerde diğer iki gruba göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğunu saptamışlardır.…”

Talent selection and genetics in sport

“…When we look at the relationship between ACE gene and anaerobic capacity, anaerobic performance is higher in experiment groups with elevated ACE D allele frequency (39,40,66), more increase occurs in lean body messes with exercise (37, 38) and a greater muscular strength develops as a result of resistance trainings (11,15).…”