Accurate time difference of arrival estimation for HF radio broadcast signals

Abstract

Geolocation of high frequency (HF) transmitters at distances in the order of 2000 km is possible by exploiting the time difference of arrival (TDoA) among multiple distributed single antenna receivers. HF radio signals propagate via skywaves between the Earth‐Ionosphere medium and the signals are received through non‐line‐of‐sight mode. This experimental study demonstrates that it is possible to evaluate the TDoA between two receivers for a HF radio broadcast signal propagating through the ionospheric channel. The HF propagation path geometry for one hop propagation mode is explained. Simulations are performed using this model to evaluate the theoretical TDoA between the signals received at two synchronized receivers. In the second step, two remotely controllable receivers built to capture distinct HF signals are deployed in two cities in France. Radio broadcast signals from different HF transmitters across Europe are captured simultaneously on the two synchronized receivers. The TDoA is obtained by cross‐correlating the captured signals from the receivers. The TDoA obtained by experimental and simulation methods are compared for different radio propagation paths and results show some very good agreement.

Proportional adaptive algorithm to improve reception techniques and mitigate the multipath fading effect in sub‐6 GHz 5G applications

“…To test experimentally the proposed approach, the algorithm has been implemented on a system composed of just two elements because unavailability of the enough number of radio peripheral at laboratory, we using two pairs of Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP 2921 and 2932) platforms from National instruments, 10,11 as shown in Figure 3. These platforms are software-programmable radio transceivers, programmable with NI LabVIEW software and are suitable for fast prototyping of physical layer communication systems [12][13][14] ; they have the ability to transmit and receive radio frequency (RF) signals across the bands 0.4 to 4.4 GHz and 4.9 to 5.9 GHz. These platforms, whose clocks have been synchronized with a synchronization cable (multiple input multiple output (MIMO) cable), have been used with a designed and realized printed MIMO UWB antenna (two ports) to acquire a 2.45, 3.5, and F I G U R E 2 Generalized scheme of the system with N elements ð8Þ…”

Globally Optimized TDOA High-Frequency Source Localization Based on Quasi-Parabolic Ionosphere Modeling and Collaborative Gradient Projection

“…Typically, the negative effects of biased sensor observations are mitigated either when measuring the TDOAs or in the subsequent step of location estimation. For example, carefully filtering the captured signals [4] and choosing the peak with the strongest signal level in cross-correlation [15] are both popularly used schemes that belong to the first category of approaches. The second category, on the other hand, might permit more flexibility.…”

Analysis of Radio Broadcast

“…Writing for Radio is not the same as writing for television and print media because writing on the Radio is directed to ear consumption. Because it is not for the consumption of the eyes or to be read, the philosophy of writing on the Radio reads: "Write like what you want to talk about" or "Write like what you want to hear" (Jain, 2018). So script writing on the Radio does not use written language but rather with spoken language.…”