Accurate Systematic Model-Parameter Extraction for On-Chip Spiral Inductors

A novel method of analytically extracting model parameters for stacked transformers

“…Although there are many compact models proposed in the past years [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], techniques for analytical extraction of model parameters remain scarce. Because of the strong coupling among coils in a monolithic transformer, the analytical expression for terminal Z-parameters or Y-parameters is so complex that it is often impossible to extract elements in the model directly from measurement data, as is the case for more mature models of on-chip inductors [15][16][17]. As a result, closed-form expressions for model elements are usually calculated based on the geometrical and technological information, rather than from the measured data of the transformer.…”

Wideband compact model of inductors for RF-SOP applications

“…To increase available bandwidth of model, adding elements to model is the generally suggested methods [3]- [4]. However, it will result in model parameter extraction becoming more difficult and complex, potentially requiring time-consuming optimization.…”

A unified analytical and scalable lumped model of RF CMOS spiral inductors based on electromagnetic effects and circuit analysis

“…In the design of analog RFICs, models of spiral inductors are necessary to predict, simulate and optimize the responses of circuits. Several models of spiral inductors have been reported such as the simple-p [3][4][5][6][7], T-models [8,9], double-p [10][11][12][13], and enhanced simple-p [14][15][16][17]. Enhanced simple-p and double-p networks have been introduced to model high parasitic effects such as proximity effects and substrate coupling between the two ports of the spiral.…”

“…Analytical extraction techniques based on network analysis [3][4][5] and fitting procedure [14,[20][21][22] have been also investigated, and are more efficient. Indeed, these methods are related to the physical phenomena which occur in spiral inductors.…”

“…Indeed, these methods are related to the physical phenomena which occur in spiral inductors. Analytical approaches, attempting to divide the network model into several sub circuit and then to extract each parameter have recently proved their abilities to achieve high accuracy extraction of the spiral model parameters [14]. Although, those network extraction techniques are suitable, dispose of scalable models is today indispensable for the design of RFICs.…”