This paper aims to accurately simulate straight bevel gear transmission, and analyse its exact meshing performance. To this end, the equations for tooth surface, tooth root surface and tooth root transition surface of straight bevel gear were derived based on the gear planning principle. Then, the parametric finite-element modelling of straight bevel gear transmission was realized in ANSYS using surface interpolation technique, and the gear pair meshing was simulated by transient analysis. The tooth surface contact stress and the bending stress were obtained throughout the meshing process. Later, the proposed model was contrasted with three traditional models to verify its feasibility. The results show that the modelling accuracy directly bears on the gear strength, and both the contact stress and the bending stress of the gear varied with the meshing position. The proposed method eliminates the huge errors of the traditional equivalent gear design, and pioneers in the analysis of the meshing features of gear pair. Suffice it to say that this research lays the basis for the accurate design and optimization of straight bevel gear transmission.