Accurate efficiency calibration and properties of semiconductor detectors for low-energy photons

Hansen, J. S.; McGeorge, J. C.; Nix, D. W.; Schmidt-Ott, W. D.; Unus, I.; Fink, R.W.

doi:10.1016/0029-554x(73)90365-0

Cited by 167 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The spectra from radioactive sources used to measure the spectrometer efficiency revealed the existence of the constituents we know, the escape peak, the shelf and the tail. [2,3] Campbell et al [4,5] studied the response function of a series of spectrometers and applied several modifications to the Hypermet function to model the response function. Similar descriptions have been used to fit proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) spectra.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The response function of energy dispersive spectrometers (EDS) with Si(Li) detectors has been modelled by the so-called Hypermet function in different versions, [3] by an analytical physical model [9,10] or by means of Monte Carlo simulations. [6,8,11] The approach presented in this article is similar to that of Lowe [9] concerning the description of the shelf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling the response function of energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometers with silicon detectors

2009

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A new, analytical description of the physical processes determining the spectral response of an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer with a silicon detector (Si(Li) or silicon drift detector (SDD)) is presented. The model considers the detector statistical noise, the electronic noise, the incomplete charge collection (ICC) that gives rise to the peak tailing, the escape effect, the fluorescence of the front contact or the dead layer and hot photoelectrons that cause the shelf. Only five free parameters are necessary to model the response function: the electronic noise, three parameters describing the shape of the charge collection efficiency beneath the front contact and the thickness of the detector front layer. Once the five parameters are adjusted to have agreement between a measured and a calculated response function, the response function can be calculated for any other photon energy in the range from 0.1 keV to 30 keV.The algorithm is implemented in IDL and MATLAB and is available also as MATLAB stand-alone program. It enables the determination of the optimum parameter set by fitting a calculated response function to a measured one for monochromatic radiation. A (m,n)-type matrix can be calculated whereby m represents the number of channels for the response function and n the number of photon energies in the selected range. The matrix can be used to convolute a calculated spectrum for comparison with a measured one.The calculated response functions are in agreement with the pulse height distributions measured with monochromatic synchrotron radiation in the energy range from 0.1 keV to 10 keV for three spectrometers with detector crystals different in construction. It is shown that the improved description of the detector response enables the detection of minor components of characteristic lines in fluorescence spectra, which have been attributed earlier to the detector.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the response function of energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometers with silicon detectors

2009

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“…The peaks observed between 4.8 and 6.4 keV have been identified as the K α and K β escape peaks in germanium of the most intense L X-ray components of Ac and Th. These low energy peaks are about 10-12 % of the L X-ray assuming that the relative variation of efficiency in this energy range is the same, and that the efficiencies at these very low energies followed the curves given in [26]. The lines marked with an asterisk belong to the decay chain of the A=231 molecule 212 RaF observed mainly in the data of the second experiment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Nuclear structure of 231Ac

Boutami¹,

Borge²,

Mach³

et al. 2008

Nuclear Physics A

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The low-energy structure of 231 Ac has been investigated by means of γ ray spectroscopy following the β − decay of 231 Ra. Multipolarities of 28 transitions have been established by measuring conversion electrons with a mini-orange electron spectrometer. The decay scheme of 231 Ra → 231 Ac has been constructed for the first time. The Advanced Time Delayed βγγ(t) method has been used to measure the half-lives of five levels. The moderately fast B(E1) transition rates derived suggest that the octupole effects, albeit weak, are still present in this exotic nucleus.

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“…The formulation outlined in Ref. [16] was used to interpolate efficiencies at other energies and to account for the large detection angle [17] within an accuracy of -10 %.…”

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confidence: 99%

Target and projectile K x-ray production by 100, 160, and 200 MeV Nb collisions with thick solid targets

Liarokapis

Zouros

1990

J. Phys. France

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Résumé. 2014 On donne les valeurs des sections efficaces de production de rayons-x K dans des collisions par des projectiles de K-vacancy production theories were tested over this broad range including electron promotion with vacancy sharing (molecular model), direct excitation (ECPSSR theory), modified binary encounter approximation (BEA), as well as some semi-empirical recipes. For most of the collision systems investigated the molecular model is found to be the dominant mechanism for K-vacancy production in both projectile and target. For highly asymmetric collisions, the ECPSSR calculations are found to be within a factor of two of the data for the lightest targets (C, Al), but fail for the heaviest targets.

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Accurate efficiency calibration and properties of semiconductor detectors for low-energy photons

Cited by 167 publications

References 24 publications

Modelling the response function of energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometers with silicon detectors

Modelling the response function of energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometers with silicon detectors

Nuclear structure of 231Ac

Target and projectile K x-ray production by 100, 160, and 200 MeV Nb collisions with thick solid targets

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