Accurate determination of the structural elasticity of human hair by a small-scale bending test

Tohmyoh, Hironori; Ishihara, Mitsuharu; Akanda, Md. Abdus Salam; Yamaki, Satoshi; Watanabe, Tomoko; Iwabuchi, Tokuro

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.07.025

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…While atomic force microscope-based 9,10 or microelectromechanical systems-based 11 testing devices have adequate resolution, the maximum force (respective displacement) they can measure is smaller than the maximum force (respective displacement) that the LBBS can withstand. Therefore, to perform bending tests on these LBBSs, engineers and scientists must rely on custom-built mechanical testing devices 5,7,12,13 . The primary advantage of these custom-built devices is that they can accommodate large ranges of forces and displacements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Millimeter Scale Flexural Testing System for Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Marine Sponge Spicules

Monn

Ferreira

Yang

et al. 2017

JoVE

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Many load bearing biological structures (LBBSs)-such as feather rachises and spicules-are small (<1 mm) but not microscopic. Measuring the flexural behavior of these LBBSs is important for understanding the origins of their remarkable mechanical functions. We describe a protocol for performing three-point bending tests using a custom-built mechanical testing device that can measure forces ranging from 10 to 10 N and displacements ranging from 10 to 10 m. The primary advantage of this mechanical testing device is that the force and displacement capacities can be easily adjusted for different LBBSs. The device's operating principle is similar to that of an atomic force microscope. Namely, force is applied to the LBBS by a load point that is attached to the end of a cantilever. The load point displacement is measured by a fiber optic displacement sensor and converted into a force using the measured cantilever stiffness. The device's force range can be adjusted by using cantilevers of different stiffnesses. The device's capabilities are demonstrated by performing three-point bending tests on the skeletal elements of the marine sponge Euplectella aspergillum. The skeletal elements-known as spicules-are silica fibers that are approximately 50 µm in diameter. We describe the procedures for calibrating the mechanical testing device, mounting the spicules on a three-point bending fixture with a ≈1.3 mm span, and performing a bending test. The force applied to the spicule and its deflection at the location of the applied force are measured.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. Cantilever-based force sensors have been used in a number of micro-and macro-scale mechanical testing studies 10,11,12,13,14 . The specific design presented here is adapted from a mechanical testing device used for performing adhesive contact experiments 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Millimeter Scale Flexural Testing System for Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Marine Sponge Spicules

Monn

Ferreira

Yang

et al. 2017

JoVE

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“…Because of high specific strength and stiffness, multilayered composite structure has become an important role for many applications in the aerospace and automobile industries, petrochemical and transportation, civil engineering, machinery, etc. (Bambach & Elchalakani, 2007;Mutasher, 2009;Palanivelu et al, 2010;Perillo & Echtermeyer, 2013;Tohmyoh et al, 2011;Zhang & Gu, 2012). However, multilayered cylindrical structure still has a poor performance in the aspect of torsion resistance, and the torsional capacity of multilayered pipe needs to be improved (Debruyne, Vandepitte, & Moens, 2015;Lakreb, Bezzazi, & Pereira, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research of bionic design on tools with rostrum of cyrtotrachelus bugueti guer (coleoptera: curculionidae)

Jin

et al. 2016

Microscopy Res & Technique

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To improve the torsional resistance capability of multilayered composite pipes, a bionic design was presented based on the rostrum of Cyrtotrachelus Bugueti Guer. Morphology and mechanical properties of the weevil's rostrum were studied. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to observe the macro-/microstructure and inner structure. Nanoindentation was carried out to measure the elastic modulus and the hardness of the biological materials. Based on the structure of rostrum, a mathematical model of multilayered biomimetic pipe was established with the statistical methods. Then, the 3D biomimetic cylinder was built and the torsional resistance capability was analyzed using the finite element analysis. From the SEM and nanoindentation, it was found that the rostrum is a cylindrical hollow multilayered structure composed by three materials. In the transverse section of rostrum, the materials' moduli are 3.07, 3.15, and 8.64 GPa, the hardness are 172.71, 125.32, and 278.99 MPa, respectively. In the longitudinal section, the moduli are 3.01, 4.35, and 7.66 GPa, the hardness are157.46, 149.15, and 253.51 MPa, respectively. The results of simulation showed that the distributional type of lamination has a significant effect on the torsional resistance capability of multilayered structure. The biomimetic structure, which imitates the lamination of rostrum, is superior in the aspect of torsional resistance compared with the nonlaminated or uniform laminated structure. Additionally, the bionic method is feasible and efficient.

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“…The cuticle layer comprises a cuticle and a cell membrane complex with intercalated flattened cells. The medullar layer of the hair shaft consists mainly of the cortical layer and the epidermis; the hair root contains the hair follicles, hair bulb, dermal papilla, and hair matrix cells [2]. The cell membrane complex comprises a hydrophilic layer (delta-layer) and two hydrophobic layers (beta-layers) [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topographical and Tribological Characteristics of Asian Human Hair Cuticles

Chang

Fang

2015

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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The topography and frictional force of Asian black male and female hair cuticles at different locations are determined using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and friction force microscopy (FFM). The frictional values, mapped for comparison with surface morphology, corresponded qualitatively with the structures’ plane surface characteristics. The results indicate that the hair surface was damaged and modified at different temperatures and heating times. The height of the female hair at a blowing temperature of 60°C after a duration of 2 min between the cuticle edge and cuticle surface was approximately 440–556 nm. The adhesion phenomenon occurs on the hair surface and interface. The cuticles do not vary after the heating; however, the hair damage sustained increases with serious deterioration.

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Accurate determination of the structural elasticity of human hair by a small-scale bending test

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

A Millimeter Scale Flexural Testing System for Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Marine Sponge Spicules

A Millimeter Scale Flexural Testing System for Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Marine Sponge Spicules

Research of bionic design on tools with rostrum of cyrtotrachelus bugueti guer (coleoptera: curculionidae)

Topographical and Tribological Characteristics of Asian Human Hair Cuticles

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