Accurate Determination of 12 Lactones and 11 Volatile Phenols in Nongrape Wines through Headspace-Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) Combined with High-Resolution Gas Chromatography-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry (GC-Orbitrap-MS)

Abstract

This paper clarifies the contribution of lactones and volatile phenols to the aroma of nongrape wine. A target method for the simultaneous determination of these two kinds of volatiles in nongrape wines was developed using headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with high-resolution gas chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (GC-Orbitrap-MS). A high-resolution mass spectrometry database including 12 lactones and 11 volatile phenols was established for qualitative accuracy. Different matrix-matched calibration standards should be prepared for specific samples due to the matrix effects. The method was successfully validated and applied in three nongrape wines. Hawthorn wine contained more lactones (δ/γ-hexalactone, δ/γnonalactone, δ/γ-decalactone, γ-undecalactone, δ/γ-dodecalactone, C10 massoia lactone, and whiskey lactone), while blueberry wine contained more volatile phenols (especially 4-vinylguaiacol and 4-ethylguiaiacol). Goji berry wines contained certain concentrations of δ-nonalactone, γ-nonalactone, δ-hexalactone, and 3-ethyl phenol. This study demonstrated that HS-SPME-GC-Orbitrap-MS can be applied for the accurate quantification of trace aroma compounds such as lactones and volatile phenols in fruit wines.

Odorant receptors for floral- and plant-derived volatiles in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

“…However, indoles are emitted naturally from many sources, including flowers, vertebrate hosts, and oviposition sites of microbiotic origin, suggesting they influence multiple behaviors across species [ 81 , 82 ]. AaegOR6 responded best to 4-chromanone, a compound that is found in shrubs of the Asteraceae family, is structurally related to quinolines, and is a key constituent of flavonoid skeletons [ 83 , 84 ]. AaegOR10 responded to 3-methylindole (skatole) found in animal feces and produces behavioral responses in other Dipteran species [ 85 – 88 ], while AaegOR55 responded to the structurally related compounds 2,3-dimethylindole and 3-methylindole.…”

Odorant receptors for floral- and plant-derived volatiles in the yellow fever mosquito,Aedes aegypti(Diptera: Culicidae)

“…AaegOR responds to 4-chromanone, of which there is little literature regarding its occurrence in natural settings. However, it is a key element of flavonoid skeletons [59]. AaegOR10 responds to 3-methylindole (skatole), which is found in animal feces and produces behavioral responses in other Dipteran species [60–63].…”

“…However, indoles are emitted naturally from many sources, including flowers, vertebrate hosts, and oviposition sites of microbiotic origin, suggesting they influence multiple behaviors across species [71–72]. AaegOR6 responds best to 4-chromanone, a compound that is found in shrubs of the Asteraceae family, is structurally related to quinolines and is a key constituent of flavonoid skeletons [73–74]. AaegOR10 responds to 3-methylindole (skatole) found in animal feces and produces behavioral responses in other Dipteran species [75–78].…”

Investigation of aroma characteristics of seven Chinese commercial sunflower seed oils using a combination of descriptive Analysis, GC-quadrupole-MS, and GC-Orbitrap-MS

“…Each analysis was performed in duplicate (Y. Liu et al, 2022 ). The retention indices were obtained by injection of the C6–C24 n -alkane series (Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA) mixture under the same chromatographic conditions.…”

“…We recently used GC-Orbitrap-MS to analyze aroma compounds in fruit wines ( Lin et al, 2022 ; R. Liu, Liu, Zhu, Kortesniemi, Zhu, & Li, 2022 ; Y. Liu et al, 2022 ). Similarly, high-resolution and sensitive instruments were found that could identify more key volatiles in foods such as green tea, fruits and wines ( Lim et al, 2020 , Qian et al, 2020 , Yang et al, 2020 ).…”