Accurate Coulomb blockade thermometry up to 60 kelvin

Meschke, Matthias; Kemppinen, A.; Pekola, Jukka P.

doi:10.1098/rsta.2015.0052

Cited by 25 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The sample (Fig. 1b) was fabricated on standard oxidized Si substrate using Ge process for achieving robust deposition mask 34,35 . The electronbeam lithography was used to pattern the structure for three-angle shadow evaporation of metals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaching the ultimate energy resolution of a quantum detector

et al. 2020

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Quantum calorimetry, the thermal measurement of quanta, is a method of choice for ultrasensitive radiation detection ranging from microwaves to gamma rays. The fundamental temperature fluctuations of the calorimeter, dictated by the coupling of it to the heat bath, set the ultimate lower bound of its energy resolution. Here we reach this limit of fundamental equilibrium fluctuations of temperature in a nanoscale electron calorimeter, exchanging energy with the phonon bath at very low temperatures. The approach allows noninvasive measurement of energy transport in superconducting quantum circuits in the microwave regime with high efficiency, opening the way, for instance, to observe quantum jumps, detecting their energy to tackle central questions in quantum thermodynamics.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaching the ultimate energy resolution of a quantum detector

et al. 2020

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“…The inset shows the normalised zero bias conductance dip as a function of . A fit [ 30 ] (solid black curve) in the high temperature regime is used to extract the charging energy . The three steps of nuclear demagnetisation, precooling, demagnetisation, and warmup, are shown in b , c and d , respectively.…”

Section: On-chip Demagnetisation Refrigerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 a shows the relative conductance dip size as a function of Cu-plate temperature, where is the differential conductance as a function of applied source-drain bias and the temperature-independent high-bias differential conductance. The relative conductance dip size can be approximated by where [ 30 ]. Therefore, a fit to in the high temperature regime where allows one to extract the charging energy as the only free fit parameter.…”

Section: On-chip Demagnetisation Refrigerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Information about the current state of metrology in ultralow temperature thermometry can be found in [25]. More information about techniques that are particularly relevant to micro-/nanoelectronic devices at ultralow temperatures can be found, for example, in [26][27][28] for noise thermometry, [29][30][31][32] for Coulomb blockade thermometry and [33][34][35] for quantum dot-based thermometry. Almost all of the work discussed below makes use of one or more of these thermometry techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in Cooling Nanoelectronic Devices to Ultra-Low Temperatures

et al. 2020

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Here we review recent progress in cooling micro-/nanoelectronic devices significantly below 10 mK. A number of groups worldwide are working to produce submillikelvin on-chip electron temperatures, motivated by the possibility of observing new physical effects and improving the performance of quantum technologies, sensors and metrological standards. The challenge is a longstanding one, with the lowest reported on-chip electron temperature having remained around 4 mK for more than 15 years. This is despite the fact that microkelvin temperatures have been accessible in bulk materials since the mid-twentieth century. In this review, we describe progress made in the last 5 years using new cooling techniques. Developments have been driven by improvements in the understanding of nanoscale physics, material properties and heat flow in electronic devices at ultralow temperatures and have involved collaboration between universities and institutes, physicists and engineers. We hope that this review will serve as a summary of the current state of the art and provide a roadmap for future developments. We focus on techniques that have shown, in experiment, the potential to reach sub-millikelvin electron temperatures. In particular, we focus on on-chip demagnetisation refrigeration. Multiple groups have used this technique to reach temperatures around 1 mK, with a current lowest temperature below 0.5 mK.

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“…Given the feasibility of this phenomenon by choosing the appropriate geometry for the islands, even sensors can be suggested which work on this basis. Some of the sensors suggested so far based on the effect of the Coulomb blockade in literature are photodetectors based on the graphene quantum dot array [26], the cryogenic thermometer (up to 60 k) [27], and gas sensors based on porous silicon [28]. Palladium nanoparticles form hydride phases which represent size-dependent behavior, where nano-sized islands can absorb different concentrations of hydrogen depending on their size [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coulomb Blockade Effect in Well-Arranged 2D Arrays of Palladium Nano-Islands for Hydrogen Detection at Room Temperature: A Modeling Study

et al. 2020

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The fast growth of hydrogen usage as a clean fuel in civil applications such as transportation, space technology, etc. highlights the importance of the reliable detection of its leakage and accumulation under explosion limit by sensors with a low power consumption at times when there is no accumulation of hydrogen in the environment. In this research, a new and efficient mechanism is presented for hydrogen detection—using the Coulomb blockade effect in a well-arranged 2D array of palladium nano-islands—which can operate at room temperature. We demonstrated that under certain conditions of size distribution and the regularity of palladium nano-islands, with selected sizes of 1.7, 3 and 6.1 nm, the blockade threshold will appear in current-voltage (IV) characteristics. In reality, it will be achieved by the inherent uncertainty in the size of the islands in nano-scale fabrication or by controlling the size of nanoparticles from 1.7 to 6.1 nm, considering a regular arrangement of nanoparticles that satisfies single-electron tunneling requirements. Based on the simulation results, the threshold voltage is shifted towards lower ones due to the expansion of Pd nanoparticles exposed to the environment with hydrogen concentrations lower than 2.6%. Also, exploring the features of the presented structure as a gas sensor, provides robustness against the Gaussian variation in nano-islands sizes and temperature variations. Remarkably, the existence of the threshold voltage in the IV curve and adjusting the bias voltage below this threshold leads to a drastic reduction in power consumption. There is also an improvement in the minimum detectable hydrogen concentration as well as the sensor response.

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Accurate Coulomb blockade thermometry up to 60 kelvin

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Reaching the ultimate energy resolution of a quantum detector

Reaching the ultimate energy resolution of a quantum detector

Progress in Cooling Nanoelectronic Devices to Ultra-Low Temperatures

Coulomb Blockade Effect in Well-Arranged 2D Arrays of Palladium Nano-Islands for Hydrogen Detection at Room Temperature: A Modeling Study

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