Accurate Clinical Diagnosis of Liver Cancer Based on Simultaneous Detection of Ternary Specific Antigens by Magnetic Induced Mixing Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Emissions

Abstract

Establishing an accurate, simple, and rapid serodiagnosis method aiming for specific cancer antigens is critically important for the clinical diagnosis, therapy, and prognostication of cancer. Currently, surfaceenhanced Raman scattering (SERS) readout techniques challenge fluorescentbased detection methods in terms of both optical stability and more importantly multiple detection capability, which become more desirable for clinical diagnostics. We thus started using an interference-free mixing SERS emission (m-SERS) readout to simultaneously indicate, for the first time, three specific liver cancer antigens, including α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and ferritin (FER), even in one clinical serum sample. Here, three triple bonds (CN and CC) coded SERS tags contribute separate SERS emissions located at 2105, 2159, and 2227 cm −1 , respectively; must have one-to-one correspondence from AFP, to FER, to CEA, In the process of detection, the mature double antibody sandwich allows the formation of microscale core−satellite assembly structure between a magnetic bead (MB) and single SERS tags, and therefore a pure and single SERS emission can be observed under the routine excitation laser spot. Because of the action of magnetic force, the uniform 3D packing of SERS tags absorbed MBs will in contrast generate a so-called m-SERS signals. With the help of enrichment and separation by MBs, the proposed m-SERS immunoassay provides an extremely rapid, sensitive, and accurate solution for multiplex detection of antigens or other biomarkers. Herein, the limit of detection (LOD) for simultaneous m-SERS detection of AFP, CEA, and FER was 0.15, 20, and 4 pg/mL, respectively. As expected for 39 clinical serum samples, simultaneous detection of ternary specific antigens can significantly improve the accuracy of liver cancer diagnosis.

Bacteria Detection: From Powerful SERS to Its Advanced Compatible Techniques

“…Some studies have successfully employed antibody-conjugated nanoparticles to achieve the specific capture of bacteria from various complex samples. [55][56][57] In addition to antibodies, antibiotics that interact specifically with bacterial cell walls can also be used as capture probes for bacteria. Vancomycin is one of the most commonly used antibiotics for bacterial capture in SERS detection.…”

Advances in Protein Biomarker Assay via the Combination of Molecular Imprinting and Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering

“…由于生色团在共振条件下通常具有大的拉曼散射 截面, 一些包含生色团的蛋白质(例如, Cyt C、血红蛋白 和肌红蛋白等), 可以通过直接增强目标蛋白的拉曼信 号的方式进行检测 [124][125][126][127][128][129][130] . 任斌等 [124] [124] Figure 7 Overview of label-free SERS detection of protein [124] 为了实现对无拉曼响应或响应较低的目标的高灵 敏检测, 可以利用增强拉曼报告分子的信号结合特异性 识别的方式, 间接地对目标蛋白进行检测 [131][132][133][134][135][136][137] . 目前, 蛋白质间接 SERS 检测主要是基于抗体或适配体对目标 蛋白特异性识别.…”

Cancer Diagnosis through SERS and Other Related Techniques

“…Moreover, Bai et al use magnetic properties for simultaneous detection. In order to detect specific proteins for lung cancer (AFP, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and ferritin (FER)) from serum, they designed a plasmonic structure codified with three different tags labeled to respective antibodies [35]. This structure will be linked through a immunosandwich assay to a magnetic bead, leading to a core-satellite structure made with both plasmonic and magnetic structures.…”