Accurate caloric compensation in rats for electively consumed ethanol?beer or ethanol?polycose mixtures

Rowland, Neil E.; Nasrallah, Nicholas A.; Robertson, Kimberly L.

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2004.10.010

Cited by 32 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…The alcohol gelatin promotes substantial voluntary alcohol consumption in standard outbred rodents without the need for deprivation. This is seen in adult rats (6) and adolescents (present studies) with adolescents consuming substantially more than adults on a g/kg body weight basis. Despite high voluntary intake for nearly 3 weeks, discontinuation of alcohol access did not appear to trigger outward signs of withdrawal.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…A method for overcoming the reluctance of nondeprived rats to drink high levels of ethanol in solution was developed by Rowland et al (6). It utilizes a palatable gel matrix containing ethanol and when made available to rats it stimulates robust and reliable selfadministration, without the need for fluid or food deprivation or any training period.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It utilizes a palatable gel matrix containing ethanol and when made available to rats it stimulates robust and reliable selfadministration, without the need for fluid or food deprivation or any training period. Intake of these alcohol ''Jello Shots'' resulted in significant elevations of blood alcohol concentrations (6) in the range of 5 to 45 mg % with a linear relationship to amount consumed (r ϭ 0.94). Furthermore, alterations in brain chemistry in association with this administration protocol have also been documented (7)(8).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Long-term risk preference and suboptimal decision making following adolescent alcohol use

Nasrallah¹,

Yang²,

Bernstein

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Individuals who abused alcohol at an early age show decisionmaking impairments. However, the question of whether maladaptive choice constitutes a predisposing factor to, or a consequence resulting from, alcohol exposure remains open. To examine whether a causal link exists between voluntary alcohol consumption during adolescence and adult decision making the present studies used a rodent model. High levels of voluntary alcohol intake were promoted by providing adolescent rats with access to alcohol in a palatable gel matrix under nondeprivation conditions. A probability-discounting instrumental response task offered a choice between large but uncertain rewards and small but certain rewards to assess risk-based choice in adulthood either 3 weeks or 3 months following alcohol exposure. While control animals' performance on this task closely conformed to a predictive model of risk-neutral value matching, rats that consumed high levels of alcohol during adolescence violated this model, demonstrating greater risk preference. Evidence of significant risk bias was still present when choice was assessed 3 months following discontinuation of alcohol access. These findings provide evidence that adolescent alcohol exposure may lead to altered decision making during adulthood and this model offers a promising approach to the investigation of the neurobiological underpinnings of this link.adolescence ͉ probability discounting A dolescent alcohol use is a serious public health problem and is associated with an increased risk for development of chronic alcohol use disorders in adulthood (1). Furthermore, an association between a history of alcohol abuse and deficits in decision making has been documented (2-5). However, the question of whether maladaptive choices constitute a predisposing factor to, or a consequence resulting from, alcohol use remains open. Animal models allow for direct testing of causality and for examination of potential neural substrates underlying an association between alcohol use and risky decision making.Developing rodent models of alcohol abuse has been challenged by the fact that most rat strains do not freely consume significant amounts of ethanol in solution. A method for overcoming the reluctance of nondeprived rats to drink high levels of ethanol in solution was developed by Rowland et al. (6). It utilizes a palatable gel matrix containing ethanol and when made available to rats it stimulates robust and reliable selfadministration, without the need for fluid or food deprivation or any training period. Intake of these alcohol ''Jello Shots'' resulted in significant elevations of blood alcohol concentrations (6) in the range of 5 to 45 mg % with a linear relationship to amount consumed (r ϭ 0.94). Furthermore, alterations in brain chemistry in association with this administration protocol have also been documented (7-8). Since this delivery method does not require training to promote intake, it is particularly appropriate for developmental studies, such as those focused on adolescence, since, in ro...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Long-term risk preference and suboptimal decision making following adolescent alcohol use

Nasrallah¹,

Yang²,

Bernstein

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The "jello shot" procedure (Rowland et al, 2005) is useful in inducing reliable levels of ethanol intake in a short period of time, particularly in the Sprague-Dawley strain of rat which usually exhibit lower levels of ethanol consumption (Martinetti et al, 2006). Although the intake levels achieved may be described as only somewhat above average, they still appear to be pharmacologically relevant based on the resulting brain ethanol levels, though further study is certainly warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain ethanol levels in rats after voluntary ethanol consumption using a sweetened gelatin vehicle

Peris

Жарикова

et al. 2006

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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A novel procedure for initiation of voluntary ethanol consumption in the rat was evaluated in terms of ease of initiation, consistency, and resulting brain ethanol levels. The "jello shot" consists of 10% ethanol in gelatin along with a caloric source (Polycose). Initiation of "jello shot" consumption in Sprague-Dawley rats required no food or water restriction and resulted in initial daily (8.4±0.6 g/kg body weight) and eventual hourly (1.1±0.1 g/kg body weight) intake of ethanol comparable to other procedures using either alcohol-preferring or non-genetically selected rats. Rat intake of ethanol via "jello shots" recovered quickly from environmental alterations and surgical implantation of a guide cannula. During 1-hr free access sessions, consumption of the "jello shot" occurred during the initial 10 minutes and resulted in a dose-related increase in ethanol levels in nucleus accumbens measured using microdialysis. These brain ethanol levels were comparable to those achieved using other selfadministration methods. However, when 0.5 g/kg ethanol was gavaged either in "jello shot" or saline, there was about a 20% decrease in brain ethanol concentrations after gavage of the "jello shot" compared to saline. Even so, lack of a need for initial food or water deprivation and the rapidity with which stable self-administration can be achieved both suggest utility of the "jello shot" as a completely voluntary ethanol procedure. Keywordsethanol self-administration; water deprivation; nucleus accumbens; gelatin; Polycose Alcohol ranks second only to tobacco in terms of the magnitude of adverse public health consequences of its abuse. It is important to develop animal models that emulate conditions of human abuse in order to study neural mechanisms implicated in the etiology of alcoholism. Animal models of alcoholism usually induce animals to drink sufficient quantities of ethanol by initial temporary food or water restriction to encourage rats to partake of unfamiliar tastes. For example, Czachowski et al. (1999) initiates ethanol consumption by providing the 10% ethanol solution as the only available fluid for three days before operant training. Additionally, the fluid received as a result of barpressing is the only fluid available during the first 5-7 days of operant training. Even when sucrose or saccharin is added to the ethanol solution to provide additional reinforcement, rats still need to be initially water deprived in order to encourage them to consume the novel sweet taste (reviewed in Samson & Czachowski 2004). Another 1 Mail proofs to:Joanna Peris, Ph.D. Department of Pharmacodynamics, Box 100487, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32610, Phone: 352-392-9768, Fax: 352-392-9187, Email: peris@cop.ufl.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is pub...

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“…Therefore, any measure of BEC is likely to be a systematic underestimate because the average BEC will include animals that do not consume alcohol during the sampling period chosen. However, we have previously examined BEC after alcohol gelatin exposure during adolescence (Schindler et al, 2014) as have others (Rowland et al, 2005;McMurray et al, 2014). To assess BEC, we isolated peak intake periods to get an accurate estimate given a specific amount of intake.…”

Section: Alcohol Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Alcohol Exposure Amplifies the Incentive Value of Reward-Predictive Cues Through Potentiation of Phasic Dopamine Signaling

Spoelder

Tsutsui

Lesscher

et al. 2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Adolescent alcohol use remains a major public health concern due in part to well-established findings implicating the age of onset in alcohol use in the development of alcohol use disorders and persistent decision-making deficits in adults. We have previously demonstrated that moderate adolescent alcohol consumption in rats promotes suboptimal decision making and an associated perturbation in mesolimbic dopamine transmission in adulthood. Dopamine-dependent incentive learning processes are an integral component of value-based decision making and a fundamental element to many theoretical accounts of addiction. Thus we tested the hypothesis that adolescent alcohol use selectively alters incentive learning processes through perturbation of mesolimbic dopamine systems. To assess incentive learning, behavioral and neurochemical measurements were made during the acquisition, maintenance, extinction, and reacquisition of a Pavlovian conditioned approach procedure in adult rats with a history of adolescent alcohol consumption. We show that moderate adolescent alcohol consumption potentiates stimulus-evoked phasic dopamine transmission, measured in vivo by fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, in adulthood and biases individuals toward a dopamine-dependent incentive learning strategy. Moreover, we demonstrate that animals exposed to alcohol in adolescence are more sensitive to an unexpected variation in reward outcomes. This pattern of phasic dopamine signaling and the associated bias in learning may provide a mechanism for the well-documented vulnerability of individuals with early-life alcohol use for alcohol use disorders in adulthood.

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Accurate caloric compensation in rats for electively consumed ethanol?beer or ethanol?polycose mixtures

Cited by 32 publications

References 13 publications

Long-term risk preference and suboptimal decision making following adolescent alcohol use

Long-term risk preference and suboptimal decision making following adolescent alcohol use

Brain ethanol levels in rats after voluntary ethanol consumption using a sweetened gelatin vehicle

Adolescent Alcohol Exposure Amplifies the Incentive Value of Reward-Predictive Cues Through Potentiation of Phasic Dopamine Signaling

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