“…With rotation–vibration interaction terms included, the size of the Hamiltonian matrix is usually huge, and the numerical cost of its diagonalization is very significant, often unpractical. In the literature, such nearly exact calculations of the rotational–vibrational spectra have been reported for H 3 + , HeHF, LiNC, HeN 2 + , H 2 O, H 2 S, SO 2 , , HO 2 , Ar 3 , and very recently for O 3 . For an accurate ro-vibrational spectrum like that, even after it has already been computed, the process of assigning the vibration mode quantum numbers ( v 1 , v 2 , v 3 ) and the asymmetric-top rotor quantum numbers ( J KaKc ) to the individual rotational–vibrational states is also challenging …”