Accuracy, precision and inter-rater reliability of micro-CT analysis of false starts on bones. A preliminary validation study

Pelletti, Guido; Cecchetto, Giovanni; Viero, Alessia; Fais, Paolo; Weber, Michael; Miotto, Diego; Montisci, Massimo; Viel, Guido; Giraudo, Chiara

doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2017.10.003

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…[4]. Toolmark Analysis of Sharp Force Trauma covers a broad range of tools [5] including saw marks [6][7][8][9][10] and hacking marks [11][12][13], typically found in body dismemberment, and knife marks [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] seen in fatal stabbings -the will be examined in this study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The cutting edge — Micro-CT for quantitative toolmark analysis of sharp force trauma to bone

Norman

Watson

Burnett³

et al. 2018

Forensic Science International

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Toolmark analysis involves examining marks created on an object to identify the likely tool responsible for creating those marks (e.g., a knife). Although a potentially powerful forensic tool, knife mark analysis is still in its infancy and the validation of imaging techniques as well as quantitative approaches is ongoing. This study builds on previous work by simulating real-world stabbings experimentally and statistically exploring quantitative toolmark properties, such as cut mark angle captured by micro-CT imaging, to predict the knife responsible. In Experiment 1 a mechanical stab rig and two knives were used to create 14 knife cut marks on dry pig ribs. The toolmarks were laser and micro-CT scanned to allow for quantitative measurements of numerous toolmark properties. The findings from Experiment 1 demonstrated that both knives produced statistically different cut mark widths, wall angle and shapes. Experiment 2 examined knife marks created on fleshed pig torsos with conditions designed to better simulate real-world stabbings. Eight knives were used to generate 64 incision cut marks that were also micro-CT scanned. Statistical exploration of these cut marks suggested that knife type, serrated or plain, can be predicted from cut mark width and wall angle. Preliminary results suggest that knives type can be predicted from cut mark width, and that knife edge thickness correlates with cut mark width. An additional 16 cut marks walls were imaged for striation marks using scanning electron microscopy with results suggesting that this approach might not be useful for knife mark analysis. Results also indicated that observer judgements of cut mark shape were more consistent when rated from micro-CT images than light microscopy images. The potential to combine micro-CT data, medical grade CT data and photographs to develop highly realistic virtual models for visualisation and 3D printing is also demonstrated. This is the first study to statistically explore simulated real-world knife marks imaged by micro-CT to demonstrate the potential of quantitative approaches in knife mark analysis. Findings and methods presented in this study are relevant to both forensic toolmark researchers as well as practitioners. Limitations of the experimental methodologies and imaging techniques are discussed, and further work is recommended.

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confidence: 99%

The cutting edge — Micro-CT for quantitative toolmark analysis of sharp force trauma to bone

Norman

Watson

Burnett³

et al. 2018

Forensic Science International

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“…As demonstrated in previous studies, micro-CT imaging permits 3-dimensional non-destructive visualisation, documentation and measurement of toolmark properties. [14][15][16][17][18][19]. In this study, micro-CT allowed many qualitative toolmark properties to be visualised including wall edge shapes, troughs, scratch marks, tooth hop, bone islands, floor dip, striation marks, exit chipping and removal of cortical bone (Fig.5.…”

Section: Micro-ct Imagingmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Micro-Computed Tomography (micro-CT) is a form of radiography that, unlike medical grade CT, allows for high resolution imaging (<100µm) of toolmarks [14][15][16][17][18]. As well as the practical benefits, such as non-destructive imaging, Norman et al, found that micro-CT could reveal additional toolmark properties not previously possible with microscopy techniques when imaging knife marks [19]. In addition, the visualisation capabilities of micro-CT have been demonstrated in a recent dismemberment case [16].…”

Section: Micro-ct Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toolmark properties were measured using a similar approach outlined in previous work by Norman et al, [19]. Seven observations for each saw mark were measured or categorised by two, independent blind raters with previous toolmark research and casework experience and with access to only the methodology section of this paper particularly Fig.1.…”

Section: Toolmark Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…) and used for the measurement of quantitative toolmark properties. It is unlikely that some of the toolmark properties revealed by micro-CT, such as wall angle and trough angles, would have been possible to measure using other imaging methods [19].…”

Section: Micro-ct Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Micro-CT for saw mark analysis on human bone

Norman

Baier

Watson

et al. 2018

Forensic Science International

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Novel methodology for measuring intraoral wear in enamel and dental restorative materials

Esquivel‐Upshaw

Hsu

Bohórquez

et al. 2020

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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Objectives To test the hypotheses that (a) the chairside/handheld dental scanner combined with a metrology software will measure clinical wear in vivo in agreement with measurements from X‐ray computed microtomography and; (b) polished monolithic zirconia does not cause accelerated wear of opposing enamel. Materials and methods Thirty single crowns were randomized to receive a monolithic zirconia or metal‐ceramic crown. Two non‐restored opposing teeth in the same quadrants were identified to serve as enamel controls. After cementation, quadrants were scanned using an intraoral dental scanner. Patients were recalled at 6‐months and 1‐year for re‐scanning. Scanned images were compared using a metrology software to determine maximum vertical wear of teeth. The accuracy of the scanning measurements from this new method was compared with X‐ray computed microtomography (micro‐CT) measurements. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney U test to determine significant differences between wear of enamel against zirconia, metal‐ceramic or enamel. Linear regression analysis determined agreement between measurements obtained using intraoral scanning and micro‐CT. Results Regression analysis demonstrated that there is a quantitative agreement between depth and volume measurements produced using intraoral scanning and the micro‐CT methodologies. There was no significant difference between the wear of enamel against polished monolithic zirconia crowns and enamel against enamel. Conclusions Intraoral scanning combined with a matching software can accurately quantify clinical wear to verify that monolithic zirconia exhibited comparable wear of enamel compared with metal‐ceramic crowns and control enamel. Agreement between the intraoral scanner and the micro‐CT was 99.8%. Clinical Trials.gov NCT02289781.

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Accuracy, precision and inter-rater reliability of micro-CT analysis of false starts on bones. A preliminary validation study

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

The cutting edge — Micro-CT for quantitative toolmark analysis of sharp force trauma to bone

The cutting edge — Micro-CT for quantitative toolmark analysis of sharp force trauma to bone

Micro-CT for saw mark analysis on human bone

Novel methodology for measuring intraoral wear in enamel and dental restorative materials

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