Accuracy of the GLIM criteria for diagnosing malnutrition: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Huo, Zhenyu; Chong, Feifei; Yin, Liangyu; Lu, Zongliang; Liu, Jie; Xu, Hongxia

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2022.04.005

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Recently, in a meta-analysis [ 25 ] of 20 studies to assess the accuracy of the GLIM criteria for diagnosing malnutrition (using various validated nutritional assessment tools, including the SGA, as reference standards), it was shown that GLIM criteria have high accuracy for diagnosing malnutrition, with a sensitivity of 0.72, a specificity of 0.82, and an AUC of 0.82. In addition, using the SGA as a gold standard, the study found that the GLIM had a better diagnostic value (sensitivity, 0.81; specificity, 0.80; AUC, 0.87) than other nutritional assessment tools.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GLIM Criteria for Assessment of Malnutrition in Saudi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2023

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The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) is a new approach established for the assessment of malnutrition. This study aimed to validate the GLIM for the diagnosis of malnutrition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Saudi Arabia, using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) as a reference. In addition, the association between the GLIM criteria and vascular complications in those patients was examined. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 101 patients with T2DM. The level of agreement between the GLIM and SGA tools was calculated using the kappa coefficient (κ). A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the GLIM. In addition, binary logistic regression was performed to investigate the association between each GLIM criterion and T2DM vascular complications. According to both the GLIM and the SGA, malnutrition was found in 15.8% and 17.8% of patients, respectively. The GLIM criteria achieved a very good level of accuracy (AUC = 0.877). The agreement between the tools was substantial (κ = 0.778). The ‘disease/inflammation’ criterion of the GLIM was significantly associated with macrovascular complications. To conclude, the GLIM criteria for diagnosis of malnutrition presented satisfactory levels of validity, and as such are acceptable for assessing the nutritional status of patients with T2DM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GLIM Criteria for Assessment of Malnutrition in Saudi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2023

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“…To the best of our knowledge, this is going to be the largest study (sample size=1,000) using nutritional ultrasound in patients with nutritional risk. Current scientific evidence is limited, and it is expected that such a large population will allow us to validate and define specific cut-off values for nutritional ultrasound and get its correlation with already wellknown nutritional tools such as SGA or GLIM criteria (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocol for a prospective cohort study on the feasibility of application of nutritional ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with nutritional risk at hospital discharge: Study on body composition and function (DRECO)

Almeida

Guerrero

Román

et al. 2022

Preprint

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SUMMARY Background The application of nutritional ultrasound for the morphological and structural study of muscle mass is an emerging technique in clinical nutrition. Currently, all definitions of malnutrition include the measurement of muscle mass involvement, however, there is no single way to assess it. It is necessary to develop new techniques to identify muscle involvement in malnutrition that are valid, standardized, reliable, accurate and profitable. Objectives The objective of this study is to value the new muscle ultrasound techniques aimed to measure muscle and functional status, to make a more accurate diagnosis and a better prediction of complications and morbidity and mortality in patients at nutritional risk. Primary outcome: to assess the feasibility of ultrasound or muscle ultrasound techniques in both nutritional diagnosis and follow-up, over 3 to 6 months, in a nutritional intervention program. Methods DRECO (Disease-Related caloric-protein malnutrition EChOgraphy) is a prospective, multicenter, uncontrolled clinical study in standard clinical practice to value the usefulness of nutritional ultrasound (muscle ultrasound) in the nutritional diagnosis and follow-up of patients over a period of 3 to 6 consecutive months, after standard nutritional clinical practice intervention, and physical activity to control their disease-related malnutrition. Discussion This study will standardize nutritional ultrasound measures. It will validate and define specific cut-off values for nutritional ultrasound and get its correlation with already well-known nutritional tools such as SGA (Subjective Global Assessment) or GLIM (Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition) criteria. Thus, muscle ultrasound will become not only a tool to assess the diagnosis of malnutrition, but it will be integrated in the routine clinical practices to evaluate nutritional interventions. Registration This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05433831), registered on June 27th, 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05433831.

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“…According to previous literature reports, the prior probability is estimated to be 22% (95% CI 18.9–22.5) ( 21 ). A systematic review illustrated that the combined sensitivity of the GLIM criteria was 0.72 (95% CI 0.64–0.78), the specificity was 0.82 (95% CI 0.72–0.88) ( 22 ), the sample size was estimated using a one-sided test, the class I error was 0.025, and the assurance was 80%. In addition, invalid sensitivity or specificity was set to 0.5.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of GLIM criteria on malnutrition in older Chinese inpatients

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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Objective: Malnutrition is a nutritional disorder and common syndrome that has a high incidence and is easily ignored in hospitalized older patients. It can lead to multiple poor prognoses, such as frailty. Early identification and correct evaluation of possible malnutrition and frailty are essential to improve clinical outcomes in older patients. Therefore, our objective was to explore the applicability and e ectiveness of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria for identifying malnutrition in older patients.Methods: In total, participants aged ≥ years were involved. Nutrition was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Full Form (MNA-FF) and GLIM criteria, which adopt a two-step procedure. The first step was to use three di erent methods for the screening of nutritional risk: the Nutrition Risk Screening , the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF), and the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool. The second step was to link a combination of at least one phenotypical criterion and one etiological criterion to diagnose malnutrition. The Clinical Frailty Scale was used to assess frailty. Sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, kappa values, and positive and negative predictive values were used to evaluate the validity of the GLIM criteria. Logistic regression models were used to assess whether there was a correlation between malnutrition, as defined by the GLIM criteria, and frailty.Results: We found that . -. % of our patient sample were at risk of malnutrition based on the GLIM diagnosis and using the three di erent screening tools; . -. % of the patients were malnourished. GLIM criteria with MNA-SF as a diagnostic validation and MNA-FF as a reference showed high consistency (K = .; p < . ), sensitivity ( . %), and specificity ( . %). Logistic regression analysis showed that malnutrition, using MNA-SF with the GLIM criteria, was relevant for a higher likelihood of frailty (OR = .; % CI .-.). Conclusions:The incidence of GLIM-defined malnutrition was . -. % using di erent screening tools. The consistency between the GLIM criteria using the MNA-SF and the MNA methods was high. Malnutrition, as diagnosed by the GLIM criteria with MNA-SF, was significantly correlated with frailty. GLIM criteria with MNA-SF may be a more reliable malnutrition assessment process in older inpatients.

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Accuracy of the GLIM criteria for diagnosing malnutrition: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 45 publications

References 43 publications

GLIM Criteria for Assessment of Malnutrition in Saudi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

GLIM Criteria for Assessment of Malnutrition in Saudi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Protocol for a prospective cohort study on the feasibility of application of nutritional ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with nutritional risk at hospital discharge: Study on body composition and function (DRECO)

Validation of GLIM criteria on malnutrition in older Chinese inpatients

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