“…Compounding was widely practiced, but this gave way to prescribing and dispensing of standardized drug products that were rigorously evaluated, manufactured under stringent controls, and approved by federal authorities (Sellers & Utian, 2012 with quality defects such as contaminants and variations in potency and bioavailability (Gass et al, 2015;Sellers & Utian, 2012). In fact, substantial published research, and bodies such as the Institute for Safe Medication Practice Canada (ISMP-Canada), have identified significant issues with the quality of compounded medications (Gass et al, 2015;Grober et al, 2015;Kawano & Ho, 2012;Sellers & Utian, 2012). Grober et al (2015), in a study of ten randomly selected compounding pharmacies in Toronto, reported that significant inaccuracy existed within and between pharmacies, in the compounding of testosterone gels and creams.…”