Accuracy of Peripheral Thermometers for Estimating Temperature

Niven, Daniel J.; Gaudet, Jonathan; Laupland, Kevin B.; Mrklas, Kelly; Roberts, Derek J.; Stelfox, Henry T.

doi:10.7326/m15-1150

Cited by 208 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…The acceptable limit of difference between two temperature monitoring devices is generally reported as ±0.5°C in both human and animal studies (Greer et al, 2007;Sousa et al, 2011;Lamb and McBrearty, 2013;Niven et al, 2015). Using the raw data collected in this study, 31.6% of TMT readings fell outside the accepted 0.5°C difference, similar to the findings reported by Lamb and McBrearty (2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Comparison of rectal and tympanic membrane temperature in healthy exercising dogs

Hall

Carter

2017

CEP

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Running header:Comparison of rectal and tympanic membrane temperature in exercising dogs. AbstractThe ability to monitor body temperature in athletes at risk of hyperthermia is essential in all species. Currently, the only commonly accepted temperature monitoring site in dogs is the rectum. This is impractical in field situations as it takes time, requires additional handlers to restrain the dog and is not tolerated by all animals. Tympanic membrane temperature (TMT) monitoring may provide a rapid measure of body temperature to facilitate identification of heat stress and heat stroke in canine athletes. In human studies, TMT diverges from rectal temperature (RT) as body temperature increases during exercise induced hyperthermia so is not recommended for monitoring human athletes. If the same divergence occurs in dogs, TMT may not be suitable for use when monitoring the temperature of canine athletes.The aim of the study was to determine if TMT diverged from RT following exercise in healthy dogs. 24 healthy dogs were recruited to the study. Body temperature was measured using a veterinary auricular infrared thermometer (VetTemp) to record tympanic membrane temperature and an electric predictive rectal thermometer. Temperatures were recorded pre and post exercise in a non-clinical setting, familiar to the dogs.The mixed model approach showed that exercise had no effect on the difference between RT and TMT (F(1,201) =0.026, P=0.872). The overall mean difference of RT minus TMT was 0.39°C (n = 116). 68.4% of readings fell within the accepted 0.5°C difference in temperature recording method.In line with previously reported TMT to RT comparison studies in dogs, this study found that TMT measured consistently lower than RT. Using a correction factor of 0.4°C minimised the difference. The hypothesis that dogs would show greater differences between TMT and RT following exercise was not supported, suggesting that TMT could be used to monitor body temperature in exercising dogs where RT is not possible.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Comparison of rectal and tympanic membrane temperature in healthy exercising dogs

Hall

Carter

2017

CEP

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“…Statistical analyses to detect reporting bias were not conducted due to lack of validated methods 8. Although some meta-analyses of method comparison studies have used tests for detecting funnel plot asymmetry,9 simulations have revealed that such tests will result in publication bias being incorrectly identified too often 10…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy and precision of transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Conway

Tipton

Liu

et al. 2018

Thorax

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“…Although these thermometers provide the most accurate assessment of core body temperature, they are not commonly employed as the primary method of temperature measurement in critically ill patients. Rather, temperature is commonly measured using thermometers that measure temperature from a peripheral site (e.g., tympanic membrane, temporal artery, axilla, mouth) and use proprietary algorithms to convert the measured temperature into a core temperature [22, 23]. Unfortunately, peripheral thermometers are among the least accurate, especially in patients with fever or hypothermia.…”

Section: Body Temperature Measurement and Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrexia: aetiology in the ICU

Niven

Laupland

2016

Crit Care

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Elevation in core body temperature is one of the most frequently detected abnormal signs in patients admitted to adult ICUs, and is associated with increased mortality in select populations of critically ill patients. The definition of an elevated body temperature varies considerably by population and thermometer, and is commonly defined by a temperature of 38.0 °C or greater. Terms such as hyperthermia, pyrexia, and fever are often used interchangeably. However, strictly speaking hyperthermia refers to the elevation in body temperature that occurs without an increase in the hypothalamic set point, such as in response to specific environmental (e.g., heat stroke), pharmacologic (e.g., neuroleptic malignant syndrome), or endocrine (e.g., thyrotoxicosis) stimuli. On the other hand, pyrexia and fever refer to the classical increase in body temperature that occurs in response to a vast list of infectious and noninfectious aetiologies in association with an increase in the hypothalamic set point. In this review, we examine the contemporary literature investigating the incidence and aetiology of pyrexia and hyperthermia among medical and surgical patients admitted to adult ICUs with or without an acute neurological condition. A temperature greater than 41.0 °C, although occasionally observed among patients with infectious or noninfectious pyrexia, is more commonly observed in patients with hyperthermia. Most episodes of pyrexia are due to infections, but incidence estimates of infectious and noninfectious aetiologies are limited by studies with small sample size and inconsistent reporting of noninfectious aetiologies. Pyrexia commonly triggers a full septic work-up, but on its own is a poor predictor of culture-positivity. In order to improve culturing practices, and better guide the diagnostic approach to critically ill patients with pyrexia, additional research is required to provide more robust estimates of the incidence of infectious and noninfectious aetiologies, and their relationship to other clinical features (e.g., leukocytosis). In the meantime, using existing literature, we propose an approach to identifying the aetiology of pyrexia in critically ill adults.

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Accuracy of Peripheral Thermometers for Estimating Temperature

Abstract: None.

Cited by 208 publications

References 122 publications

Comparison of rectal and tympanic membrane temperature in healthy exercising dogs

Comparison of rectal and tympanic membrane temperature in healthy exercising dogs

Accuracy and precision of transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Pyrexia: aetiology in the ICU

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