Accuracy of Field Methods in Assessing Body Fat in Collegiate Baseball Players

Loenneke, Jeremy P.; Wray, Mandy E.; Wilson, Jacob M.; Barnes, Jeremy T.; Kearney, Monica L.; Pujol, Thomas J.

doi:10.1080/15438627.2013.792087

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The current results agreed with Loenneke et al ( 27 , 28 ) who found that single-frequency BIA device typically underestimated %fat in college athletes compared to DXA. The differences persisted regardless of whether a normal or athletic setting on the BIA device was used.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Validity Of Arm-to-arm BIA Devices For Measuring %fat In College Men And Women

Rockamann¹,

Dalton²,

Arabas³

et al. 2014

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

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Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) devices are commonly used to estimate percent body fat (%fat), although validation of their accuracy varies widely. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of four commonly used BIA devices compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). College-aged men (n = 29, age = 19.7 ± 1.2 y, weight = 76.9 ± 12.5 kg) and women (n = 31, age = 20.5 ± 0.8 y, weight = 61.5 ± 9.2 kg) were evaluated for %fat using four single-frequency (50 mHz) BIA devices and DXA. A gender × device repeated measures ANOVA indicated some less expensive BIA devices produced %fat values that were not significantly different from DXA. A thumb-to-thumb BIA device produced the closest values in men (21.9 ± 6.6%) and women (32.1 ± 5.3%) compared to DXA (20.6 ± 6.1% and 30.3 ± 5.4%, respectively). The two more expensive BIA devices significantly underestimated in men (14.7 ± 5.8% and 17.0 ± 5.6%) and women (23.3 ± 4.2% and 23.3 ± 4.2%) compared to DXA. Interclass correlation coefficients with DXA were higher for the more expensive devices in men (ICC = 0.899 and 0.958) than the less expensive devices (ICC = 0.681 and 0.730). In women, all BIA devices showed moderate correlations with DXA (ICC = 0.537 to 0.658). Despite the convenience of simple BIA devices, their use in estimating body composition in young men and women might be questionable due to large variations in the differences between DXA and each device in this study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Validity Of Arm-to-arm BIA Devices For Measuring %fat In College Men And Women

Rockamann¹,

Dalton²,

Arabas³

et al. 2014

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

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“…15,35 An international survey conducted by the Medical Commission of the International Olympic Committee found that 38% of groups assessing body composition used DXA, second only to skinfold assessments. 28 Other techniques to assess body composition exist, and reports comparing and contrasting the methods have been published; 4,22 however, in-depth discussion in this regard is outside the scope of this study. DXA is rapid, relatively inexpensive compared with other imaging techniques, and uses only a small amount (effective radiation dose of 3 μGy per scan) 23 of ionizing radiation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Body Composition in NCAA Division I Athletes: Exploration of Mass Distribution

et al. 2019

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Background: Body composition assessment is frequently used in sports medicine and athletic performance environments to assess change in response to strength training and nutrition programs. However, to effectively do so requires knowledge regarding expected body composition values relative to sport and sex. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used to evaluate body composition, although its utility in relationship to specific sports, performance, or rehabilitation is not clearly defined. Hypothesis: Body composition metrics and distribution of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate athletes will vary based on sport and sex. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A convenience sample of 337 athletes (229 men and 108 women) participating in football, wrestling, soccer, hockey, basketball, golf, softball, or volleyball was evaluated. DXA-measured total body composition, including bone mineral density (BMD), % lean mass, % fat, and regional distribution, were compared by sex, sport, and with an age-matched National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) population. Results: Men had higher BMD, lower % fat (16.4% vs 25.2%) and higher % lean mass (79.2% vs 70.6%) ( P < 0.001). Regional composition varied by sport and sex, with women having a greater proportion of lean mass at the trunk and men in their arms ( P < 0.0001). Leg lean mass was distributed similarly between sexes (35%). Overall, the normative group (NHANES) had lower BMD and higher percentage fat. Conclusion: DXA-measured body composition and lean mass distribution varies by sport and sex in Division I athletes. The observed difference to the NHANES population emphasizes challenges in identifying appropriate comparison populations, reinforcing the need to compare athletes with their own baseline. Clinical Relevance: These findings establish a framework to investigate the relevance of these variances and determine the utility of body composition analysis in elite athletes.

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“…We measured percentage of FM (%BF, %BF = total fat mass ÷ total mass) in the athletes to compare the teams in our study and to compare to other studies. In our study, BSB studentathletes were leaner (18.7%) when compared to other studies (20.4%, Loenneke et al (2013) and…”

Section: Fat Masscontrasting

confidence: 66%

“…All of the sports observed in this study, except MBB, followed this trend of younger generations being taller than the previous. In this study, BSB student-athletes are slightly taller (72.7 inches) on average than participants of the studies done previously that reported values of 70.4 inches (Loenneke et al, 2013) and 71.6 inches Oates, Oates, & Barden, 2009). VB student-athletes in our study were observed to be taller (70.2 ± 4.0inches [178.4±10.1 cm]) than older and international populations (see Table 2.8) (Anderson, 2010;Bayios et al, 2006;Santos et al, 2014).…”

Section: Heightcontrasting

confidence: 49%

Comparative Analysis of Body Composition and Reference Values of Visceral Adipose Tissues in Various American Collegiate Sports

Dandekar¹

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Background: Currently, body composition (BC) assessment is usually performed to diagnose disease states and accurately estimate certain types of tissues. In athletes, performing BC assessments helps gauge training and nutrition programs to see if they are adequately meeting the athlete's needs to improve performance. Annual Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scans before the start of an athlete's season can help identify an athlete's preparedness or health before training begins. Objective: To assess the preseason BC of four collegiate sports: Men's basketball, men's baseball, women's volleyball, and women's soccer, for Fat Mass (FM), bone mineral density BMD), Fat-Free Mass (FFM), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Methods: DXA (Lunar iDXA, GE Healthcare) scans were performed before the start of preseason training for Men's Basketball, Baseball, Women's Volleyball, and Women's Soccer. End-season DXA scans were performed after the end of the regular season for Men's Basketball and Baseball athletes. Visceral Adipose Tissue was measured using CoreScan software provided by GE and Fat Mass Index (FMI) and Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI) were calculated from scanned values. Results: Between the various sports, there were several significant differences that were apparent. Height and percentage of Fat Mass (%BF) were significantly different between all sports except Women's Volleyball and Women's Soccer. BMI, VAT, and FFMI were significantly different between males and females. Changes over a season showed increased BMD in Men's Basketball (2.79 to 2.99 Z-score, pre to end of season scan respectively; p < 0.001). No other observations were noticed to be significant. Conclusions: Sports-specific training and sex have large influences on the body composition of athletes. FMI and FFMI are two indices that may have a stronger indication to health than parameters considered for those who are sedentary and non-active. Female athletes have little to no amounts of VAT and this warrants further investigation.

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Accuracy of Field Methods in Assessing Body Fat in Collegiate Baseball Players

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Validity Of Arm-to-arm BIA Devices For Measuring %fat In College Men And Women

Validity Of Arm-to-arm BIA Devices For Measuring %fat In College Men And Women

Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Body Composition in NCAA Division I Athletes: Exploration of Mass Distribution

Comparative Analysis of Body Composition and Reference Values of Visceral Adipose Tissues in Various American Collegiate Sports

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