Accuracy of Dental and Industrial 3D Printers

Abstract

Purpose: This in vitro study evaluated the dimensional accuracy of three 3D printers and one milling machine with their respective polymeric materials using a simplified geometrical model. Materials and methods:A simplified computer-aided design (CAD) model was created. The test samples were fabricated with three 3D printers: a dental desktop stereolithography (SLA) printer, an industrial SLA printer, and an industrial fused deposition modeling (FDM) printer, as well as a 5-axis milling machine. One polymer material was used per industrial printer and milling machine while two materials were used with the dental printer for a total of five study groups. Test specimens were then digitized using a laboratory scanner. The virtual outer caliper method was used to measure the linear dimensions of the digitized 3D printed and milled specimens in x-, y-, and z-axes, and compare them to the known values of the CAD model. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA on Ranks followed by the Tukey's test. Results: Milled specimens were not significantly different from the CAD model in any dimension (p > 0.05). All 3D printed specimens were significantly different from the CAD model in all dimensions (p = 0.01), except the dental SLA 3D printer with one of the polymers tested (Bis-GMA) which was not significantly different in two (x and z) dimensions (p = 0.4 and p = 0.12). Conclusions: The milling technology tested provided greater dimensional accuracy than the selected 3D printing. Printer, printing technology, and material selection affected the accuracy of the printed model.

Comparing the accuracy of occlusal vertical dimension transfer in CAD–CAM dentures

“…For additive manufacturing, there are different types of 3D printers, different resins, and different washing and curing protocols. 31 For subtractive manufacturing, there are different types of milling machines (i.e., multi-axis, wet vs. dry mill) that can handle different materials. Some milled materials require additional post-machining processing such as sintering.…”

“…Although CAD–CAM methods can produce 3D objects with fine detail and greater accuracy, there are many components involved. For additive manufacturing, there are different types of 3D printers, different resins, and different washing and curing protocols 31 . For subtractive manufacturing, there are different types of milling machines (i.e., multi‐axis, wet vs. dry mill) that can handle different materials.…”

Effect of Different Denture base Materials on Stresses Transmitted to supporting structures of Implant-supported Mandibular Overdenture

“…A digital replica of the cast was used to create a surgical guide that ensures consistent implant positioning and parallelism. Figure 2 The surgical guide design was then printed using a clear acrylic resin 3D printer (Phrozen, Sonic mini 4k) (11) . Furthermore, the intended implant was chosen at every stage of the design process.…”

A Critical Review of Dental Lithia-Based Glass–Ceramics

“…3D-printed and laser-sintered base metal frameworks are clinically available for fixed metal–ceramic restorations and removable partial dentures. Some polymer-based systems have emerging applications as interim fixed or removable prostheses, occlusal splints, wax patterns, surgical guides, and study models (Anadioti et al 2022). While no such AM systems are widely available for ceramic-based restorations, a number of related printing techniques have demonstrated potential.…”