Accuracy of available methods for quantifying the heat power generation of nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia

Lock-In Thermography as an Analytical Tool for Magnetic Nanoparticles: Measuring Heating Power and Magnetic Fields

“…mod MNP (25) In order to verify whether γ ≫ T mod , an estimation of the typical value of the characteristic time τ is carried out. In the case of the experiments carried out in this work, the most important mechanisms responsible for heat transfer are natural convection and radiation.…”

“…34 However, hysteresis loop determination can only be used with ferro/ ferrimagnetic particles, as SPIONs do not show magnetic hysteresis in quasi static measurements. 25 Recently, a new sophisticate technique that use magnetic nanoparticles as nanothermometers to quantify the temperature and particle concentration inside tissues was proposed. 35 This technique is based on the real-time measure of magnetization and magnetic susceptibility, and allows contact-less quantification of heat with high precision.…”

Lock-in thermography as a rapid and reproducible thermal characterization method for magnetic nanoparticles

“…The heating slope (ΔTemperature/Δtime) within the initial seconds of exposure can then be deduced [6,8,18]. However, inconsistencies in sample measurement and difficulty interpreting these data are becoming increasingly recognized, and call into question how reliable these approaches are and to what extent the results can be reproduced [17,18]. A very promising contactless alternative method is lock-in thermography (LIT).…”

A lock-in-based method to examine the thermal signatures of magnetic nanoparticles in the liquid, solid and aggregated states

“…7,8,13 Effective conversion of magnetic energy into heat is essential to keep administration dosages minimal and therapeutic efficiency maximal. This factor, usually represented in the literature by the Specific Adsorption Rate (SAR), 2,14,15 is known to be dictated by many specific material properties, such as the NP type, size, polydispersity, surface or surface chemistry, crystallinity or state of dispersion. 3,14,[16][17][18][19][20][21] Experimentally assessing the heating efficiency of the respective NPs is thus a prerequisite prior to their usage, given the numerous variables which may affect the energy output.…”

“…With respect to magnetic NPs and their heating power, standard calorimetric methods, which rely on measuring the transient temperature rise of the sample as a function of time, are among the most straightforward and widely used approaches. 2,22 The SAR can, amongst other methods, 15 be deduced by assessing the initial heating slope (i.e., Δtempera-ture/Δtime). 15,22,23 Although increasingly popular, numerous uncertainties are linked to the experimental parameters (e.g.…”