Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence Formulas and Axial Length Adjustments for Highly Myopic Eyes

Cheng, Huanhuan; Wang, Li; Kane, Jack X; Li, Jianbing; Liu, Liangping; Wu, Mingxing

doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2020.09.019

Cited by 37 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The excellent outcome of the Kane formula in extremely high myopic eyes was also detected in a previous study by Cheng et al. [17] Furthermore, the MAEs and MedAEs were lowest in eyes with an AL within 28.00mm to 30.00mm, as in two previous studies by Rong et al [18] and Cheng et al. [17] Rong et al [18] explained that it is the point at which refractive errors change between myopic and hyperopic.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…[17] Furthermore, the MAEs and MedAEs were lowest in eyes with an AL within 28.00mm to 30.00mm, as in two previous studies by Rong et al [18] and Cheng et al. [17] Rong et al [18] explained that it is the point at which refractive errors change between myopic and hyperopic. In our study, the refractive errors of Hill-RBF3.0 and Kane formulas changed from hyperopia to myopia, and the refractive errors of the other four formulas changed from myopia to hyperopia as axial length got longer, which supported the viewpoint mentioned before.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Previous studies reported that Hill-RBF2.0 was less accurate than Kane and Barrett Universal II formulas in high myopic eyes. [15][16][17] In our study, Hill-RBF3.0 had a MAE of 0.346D, the lowest MedAE of 0.240D, 78.5% and 95.4% of eyes within ±0.50D and ±1.00D respectively. Hill-RBF3.0 nished behind the Kane formula, but ahead of Barrett Universal II, indicating that it has improved compared with the previous version.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The best formula was Kane with a MAE of 0.329D, followed by Barrett Universal II (0.338D), Hill-RBF2.0 (0.352D), Haigis (0.359D), and SRK/T (0.363D). Similarly, Cheng et al [17] compared the use of formulas including Kane, Barrett Universal II, Hill-RBF2.0, EVO, and Haigis in 370 eyes of AL longer than 26.00mm with IOLMaster500, and found that the Kane formula yielded the lowest MAE of 0.34D, followed by Barrett Universal II (0.37D), Hill-RBF2.0 (0.38D), EVO (0.40D) and Haigis (0.40D). The Kane formula was comparable to Hill-RBF2.0 and Barrett Universal II in the whole group and was better than Hill-RBF2.0 and Barrett Universal II in extremely myopic eyes with an AL ≥30.00mm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Nevertheless, the refractive outcomes achieved in our study are consistent with results based on other biometers. [17,21,24] The reason could be that any clinical differences, such as the range of AL included, the type of IOLs, and the selection of IOL constants, affect the refractive prediction of IOL calculation formulas. When comparing the differences in refractive prediction of different devices, biometric measurements should be carried out on the same group of patients and reduce the in uence of any other clinical factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Accuracy of intraocular lens calculation formulas using a swept-source optical coherence tomography biometer in high myopia

Zhang¹,

Ye²,

Chen³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: To compare the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulas in cataract patients with high myopia using the measurements of a swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) biometer, the IOLMaster700.Methods: Patients with axial length (AL) equal to or longer than 26.00mm undergoing uneventful cataract surgery were enrolled. Kane, Hill-RBF3.0, EVO, Barrett Universal II, Haigis, and SRK/T formulas were evaluated with the measurements taken by IOLMaster700. The manifest refraction was measured at one month postoperatively. After the mean refractive errors were zeroed out, the mean absolute error (MAE), the median absolute error (MedAE), the standard deviation of prediction error (SD), and the percentage of eyes with refractive errors within ±0.25, ±0.50, ±0.75, and ±1.00 diopter (D) were calculated. A subgroup analysis was based on the axial length.Results: 65 eyes of 65 patients were included. There were significant differences between the absolute refractive errors predicted by these formulas (P＜0.05), but no significant differences between the percentage of eyes within a certain range of refractive errors (P＞0.05). The Kane formula achieved the lowest MAE (0.323D), SD (0.402D), followed by EVO, Hill-RBF3.0, Barrett Universal II, Haigis, and SRK/T formulas. The Kane formula also had the highest percentage of eyes with refractive errors within ±0.50D (80.0%) and ±1.00D (98.5%). The Hill-RBF3.0 formula achieved the lowest MedAE (0.240D). In eyes with an AL ≥ 30.00mm, the Kane formula had the lowest MAE (0.358D).Conclusion: Newer formulas such as Kane, EVO, Hill-RBF3.0, and Barrett Universal II show the highest accuracy in refractive prediction in eyes with high myopia while using the measurements of IOLMaster700. In extremely myopic eyes with an AL ≥ 30.00mm, the Kane formula is the most accurate.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Accuracy of intraocular lens calculation formulas using a swept-source optical coherence tomography biometer in high myopia

Zhang¹,

Ye²,

Chen³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Kane Formula

Kane

2024

Intraocular Lens Calculations

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The Kane formula is an optical theoretical formula for IOL power calculation that optimizes its performance by means of regression and artificial intelligence components. Variables used in the formula are axial length, keratometry, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness (optional), central corneal thickness (optional), and patient biological sex. A summary is given on the available publications showing the Kane formula to be one of the best among the newer IOL power calculation formulas. The Kane keratoconus formula is designed for keratoconic eyes adjusting the IOL power based on the correct anterior/posterior corneal ratio in these eyes. The Kane toric formula calculates the toric IOL power using theoretical optics, regression, and artificial intelligence.

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IOL Power Calculation in Long Eye

Wang,

Bezerra,

Koch

2024

Intraocular Lens Calculations

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Inaccurate measurement of preoperative axial length is the main reason for postoperative refractive error in axial high myopia. When axial length is measured by optical biometry, the adoption of the original formula to transform the optical path length into a geometrical path length leads to overestimation of axial length in myopic eyes. The group refractive index adopted to calibrate optical biometry and immersion ultrasound biometry, in fact, does not take the different relative lengths of the ocular segments into account. Segmented axial length, which is obtained by adding the individual geometrical path length of cornea, aqueous depth, lens thickness, and vitreous chamber depth, provides more accurate axial length measurements in long eyes.Axial length adjustment methods (Wang-Koch adjustment) have been developed and refined to improve the refractive outcome of traditional formulas (Holladay 1, Holladay 2 and SRK/T). Similar adjustments are included in newer formulas and lead to better results compared to the original axial length measurements.

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Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence Formulas and Axial Length Adjustments for Highly Myopic Eyes

Cited by 37 publications

References 27 publications

Accuracy of intraocular lens calculation formulas using a swept-source optical coherence tomography biometer in high myopia

Accuracy of intraocular lens calculation formulas using a swept-source optical coherence tomography biometer in high myopia

Kane Formula

IOL Power Calculation in Long Eye

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