Accuracy of anthropometric measurements and weight status perceptions reported by parents of 4-year-old children

Esteban-Vasallo, María D.; Galán, Iñaki; Ortiz-Pinto, Maira Alejandra; Martín, Amelia Astray San; Lopez, Eva Menchaca; José, María Teresa Morales San; Ortiz-Marrón, Honorato

doi:10.1017/s1368980019003008

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…One of the limitations of our study is the use of self-reported data for participants aged 16 and over, or weight and height data reported by parents for the youngsters, which usually contribute to inaccurate estimations of children's adiposity. 42,43 It is also necessary to consider that institutionalized population are not included in our study, although in the case of children and adolescents this would represent a negligible percentage (approximately 0.28%). 21,44 In addition, the epidemiological questionnaire, that was mainly focused in COVID-19 risk factors, lacked key variables in the study of adiposity, such as dietary habits, physical activity or household income level, so it was not possible to evaluate their contribution to the observed geographical disparities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the limitations of our study is the use of self‐reported data for participants aged 16 and over, or weight and height data reported by parents for the youngsters, which usually contribute to inaccurate estimations of children's adiposity 42,43 . It is also necessary to consider that institutionalized population are not included in our study, although in the case of children and adolescents this would represent a negligible percentage (approximately 0.28%) 21,44 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A nation‐wide analysis of socioeconomic and geographical disparities in the prevalence of obesity and excess weight in children and adolescents in Spain: Results from the ENE‐COVID study

Gutiérrez‐González,

García‐Solano,

Pastor‐Barriuso

et al. 2023

Pediatric Obesity

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SummaryObjectiveTo estimate national and provincial prevalence of obesity and excess weight in the child and adolescent population in Spain by sex and sociodemographic characteristics, and to explore sources of inequalities in their distribution, and their geographical patterns.MethodsENE‐COVID is a nationwide representative seroepidemiological survey (68 287 participants) stratified by province and municipality size (April–June 2020). Participants answered a questionnaire which collected self‐reported weight and height, that allowed estimating crude and model‐based standardized prevalences of obesity and excess weight in the 10 543 child and adolescent participants aged 2–17 years.ResultsCrude prevalences (WHO growth reference) were higher in boys than in girls (obesity: 13.4% vs. 7.9%; excess weight: 33.7% vs. 26.0%; severe obesity: 2.9% vs. 1.2%). These prevalences varied with age, increased with the presence of any adult with excess weight in the household, while they decreased with higher adult educational and census tract average income levels.Obesity by province ranged 1.8%–30.5% in boys and 0%–17.6% in girls; excess weight ranged 15.2%–49.9% in boys and 10.8%–40.8% in girls. The lowest prevalences of obesity and excess weight were found in provinces in the northern half of Spain. Sociodemographic characteristics only partially explained the observed geographical variability (33.6% obesity; 44.2% excess weight).ConclusionsChildhood and adolescent obesity and excess weight are highly prevalent in Spain, with relevant sex, sociodemographic and geographical differences. The geographic variability explained by sociodemographic variables indicates that there are other potentially modifiable factors on which to focus interventions at different geographic levels to fight this problem.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nation‐wide analysis of socioeconomic and geographical disparities in the prevalence of obesity and excess weight in children and adolescents in Spain: Results from the ENE‐COVID study

Gutiérrez‐González,

García‐Solano,

Pastor‐Barriuso

et al. 2023

Pediatric Obesity

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“…Conversely, studies like that of AlHasan et al ( 20 ) suggest that identifying overweight and obesity is more challenging in younger children, aged 2 to 4 years. Cultural beliefs associating early weight gain with health and well-being, and expectations of outgrowing overweight with growth and increased physical activity, may contribute to these perception differences, as discussed by Alshahrani et al ( 37 ) and Esteban-Vasallo et al ( 39 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between cardiovascular risk and maternal perception of BMI in Peruvian schoolchildren

Mamani,

Martínez,

Llico

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionIn the modern era, the maternal perception of children’s nutritional status has emerged as a critical area of study, given its potential influence on nutritional interventions and long-term child health. The relationship between this perception and children’s Body Mass Index (BMI) by age is particularly intriguing, as it may reveal discrepancies between perception and reality.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate Peruvian mothers’ perception of their children’s Body Mass Index (BMI) in relation to age and to determine how this perception associates with the children’s cardiovascular risk. The study also analyzed sociodemographic factors that might influence this perception.MethodsThe study included 130 mothers of schoolchildren aged 5 to 11 from a school in Lima. Mothers’ perceptions of their children’s weight were assessed using pictograms, and sociodemographic characteristics were collected through a questionnaire. Weight and height measurements were taken to calculate BMI, and waist circumference was measured to classify cardiovascular risk.ResultsA total of 57.4% of the schoolchildren presented with excess malnutrition, and 51.5% of the mothers incorrectly classified the actual BMI/Age of their children (kappa 0.11; p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, it was found that the schoolchild’s age is associated with the mother’s failure to accurately perceive her child’s weight (OR 1.59). Lastly, there was a significant association between maternal perception and cardiovascular risk (p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionThere is a significant discrepancy between maternal perception and the actual nutritional status of children, which can increase cardiovascular risk. It is necessary to implement intervention and education strategies targeted at parents to enhance the recognition and management of childhood overweight and obesity.

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“…In addition, the sample is representative of the population of Community of Madrid, even with the selection bias mentioned above. Anthropometric measurements are based on objective criteria and were performed in a standardized way in all measurements, so they are subject to fewer validity errors, such as self-reported measures or those provided by parents 41 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking of General and Abdominal Obesity in Children Between 4 and 9 Years of Age: The Longitudinal Childhood Obesity Study (ELOIN)

Ortiz-Marrón¹,

Ortiz-Pinto²,

Martínez-Mosquera³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background A relationship between obesity early life has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variations in general (GO) and abdominal (AO) obesity between 4 and 9 years of age. Methods Children who participated in all three follow-ups at 4, 6 and 9 years participating in ELOIN study (N = 1902). Measurements of BMI and waist circumference were taken by physical examination. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were estimated by sex and family affluence by generalized estimation equation models, and the relative risks (RRs) of obesity by Poisson regression. Results The prevalence of GO was 5.1%, 9.1%, and 15.6% at 4, 6, and 9 years, yielding a PR between 9 − 4 years of 3.05 (95%CI: 2.58–3.60). The prevalence of AO was 6.8%, 8.4%, 14.5%, and the PR (9 vs 4y) was 2.14 (95%CI: 1.85–2.48). GO and AO presented an inverse correlation with family affluence. Among participants who were in GO or AO at 4 years, 77.3% and 63.6% remained in obesity after 5 years. The RRs of GO and AO at 9 years were 4.6 and 4.1 if they were obese at 4 years (p < 0.001), which increased to 9.4 and 9.5 in children obese at 6 years (p < 0.001), and those with obesity at both 4–6 years had RRs of 10.3 and 9.9 (p < 0.001). Conclusions GO and AO begin at early age, persist with age and linked with low socioeconomic status. Obesity at 9 years is associated with early obesity, either stably or intermittently, so preventive interventions should be established very early.

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Accuracy of anthropometric measurements and weight status perceptions reported by parents of 4-year-old children

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

A nation‐wide analysis of socioeconomic and geographical disparities in the prevalence of obesity and excess weight in children and adolescents in Spain: Results from the ENE‐COVID study

A nation‐wide analysis of socioeconomic and geographical disparities in the prevalence of obesity and excess weight in children and adolescents in Spain: Results from the ENE‐COVID study

Association between cardiovascular risk and maternal perception of BMI in Peruvian schoolchildren

Tracking of General and Abdominal Obesity in Children Between 4 and 9 Years of Age: The Longitudinal Childhood Obesity Study (ELOIN)

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