Accuracy of 3D-Printed and Digitally Fabricated Polymeric Models for Dental Applications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Objective: To date, no systematic review has reported the accuracy of conventional gypsum casts compared to 3D printed and digital models. The aim of this review is to critically appraise the studies that have focused on comparing the accuracy and fit of casts produced with 3D printing. Methods: Electronic literature databases (PubMED, ISI Web of Knowledge, EMBASE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials. gov and CENTRAL) were searched by operators specializing in health sciences databases using relevant keywords. The focused question was, “For the treatment of missing teeth (Participants), do the 3D-printed or digital casts (Intervention) have superior accuracy (Outcomes), compared to conventional gypsum casts (Control)? Meta-analysis was conducted and Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0 and QUIN tools. Results: 1770 items were selected, after removal of 1520 articles, abstracts and titles of 250 items were read for potential eligibility. Fourteen studies were included in this review. 3-D printed casts resulted in production of prostheses with similar accuracy to gypsum-based products. The accuracy of completely digitally processed casts was debatable. Sources of bias were found in the risk of bias assessment. Conclusions: It is concluded that the accuracy of 3D-printed casts are comparable to those of conventional gypsum cast. In addition to cast accuracy, low technique sensitivity, operator independence and cost and time efficiency makes 3D printed casts an effective alternative for conventional and digital cast in dental laboratory procedures.