Accuracy and trending capability of haemoglobin measurement by noninvasive pulse co-oximetry in anaesthetized horses

Reliability, clinical performance and trending ability of a pulse oximeter and pulse co-oximeter, in monitoring blood oxygenation, at two measurement sites, in immobilised white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum)

“…These findings are similar to those reported in anaesthetised sheep when a Masimo transmission probe was attached to the tongue (bias − 2%, precision 6%) [ 24 ]. These findings are surprising because the Masimo devices use a signal extraction technology that is not found in traditional Nonin devices [ 18 , 23 ]. The signal extraction technology applies adaptive filters that separate the true arterial signal from signals caused by different physiologic artefacts (e.g.…”

“…The SaO 2 values from the co-oximeter were used as reference measurements and compared against the simultaneous SpO 2 values from the Nonin and Masimo devices. Even though human benchtop co-oximeters have not been validated in rhinoceros, they have been used successfully to validate the use of pulse oximetry in anaesthetised impala [ 25 ] and horses [ 23 , 26 ]. Furthermore, the human benchtop co-oximeters’ algorithms are likely suitable for rhinoceros because the spectrophotometric characteristic of haemoglobin (i.e., infrared absorbance of oxyhaemoglobin and deoxyhaemoglobin) are similar among human, horses and white rhinoceros [ 17 ].…”

“…advanced signal extraction technology) that allows for SpO 2 measurements even when peripheral tissue perfusion is poor and when there is excessive movement from the animal [ 20 – 24 ]. Studies in anaesthetised dogs [ 22 ], sheep [ 24 ], and horses [ 23 ] have compared the SpO 2 measurements from the Masimo Radical-7 pulse co-oximeter and SaO 2 measured by a benchtop co-oximeter. In dogs and horses, the Masimo device is reliable when the probes are placed on the tongue or lip [ 21 – 23 ], but in sheep, it is unreliable when probes are also placed on the tongue [ 24 ].…”

“…Studies in anaesthetised dogs [ 22 ], sheep [ 24 ], and horses [ 23 ] have compared the SpO 2 measurements from the Masimo Radical-7 pulse co-oximeter and SaO 2 measured by a benchtop co-oximeter. In dogs and horses, the Masimo device is reliable when the probes are placed on the tongue or lip [ 21 – 23 ], but in sheep, it is unreliable when probes are also placed on the tongue [ 24 ]. To date, there have been no studies using this device in rhinoceros, or any other wildlife to our knowledge.…”

Correlation of Blood Hemoglobin Values with Non-Invasive Co-Oximetry Measurement of SpHb in Dogs Undergoing Elective Ovariohysterectomy

“…Pulse co-oximeters use transcutaneous technology based on multi-wavelength spectrophotometry for a continuous determination of hemoglobin (SpHb) among other parameters such as oxygen saturation derived from pulse co-oximetry (SpO 2 ), arterial oxygen content derived from pulse co-oximetry CaO 2 (SpOC), methemoglobin (SpMet), carboxyhemoglobin (SpCO), perfusion index (PI), and the plethysmography variability index (PVi) [ 13 , 14 , 17 , 18 ].…”