Accuracy and Repeatability of the Gait Analysis by the WalkinSense System

Castro, Marcelo Peduzzi de; Meucci, Marco; Soares, Denise Paschoal; Fonseca, Pedro; Borgonovo-Santos, Márcio; Sousa, Filipa; Machado, Leandro; Vilas-Boas, João Paulo

doi:10.1155/2014/348659

Cited by 32 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…However, neither have ever been utilized in clinical practice because of complications in measurement and data processing. Conversely, wearable sensors including magnetic and inertial measurement units (IMU), permitting the objective and simple assessment of human movement, have become widely used tools in motion analysis [25][26][27][28][29][30]. TLA might be estimated from thigh and shank segment angles obtained by IMU.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of Measurement for Trailing Limb Angle and Propulsion Force during Gait Using a Magnetic Inertial Measurement Unit

Miyazaki

Kawada

Nakai

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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Propulsion force and trailing limb angle (TLA) are meaningful indicators for evaluating quality of gait. This study examined the validity of measurement for TLA and propulsion force during various gait conditions using magnetic inertial measurement units (IMU), based on measurements using a three-dimensional motion analysis system and a force platform. Eighteen healthy males (mean age 25.2 ± 3.2 years, body height 1.70 ± 0.06 m) walked with and without trunk fluctuation at preferred, slow, and fast velocities. IMU were fixed on the thorax, lumbar spine, and right thigh and shank. IMU calculated the acceleration and tilt angles in a global coordinate system. TLA, consisting of a line connecting the hip joint with the ankle joint, and the laboratory’s vertical axis at late stance in the sagittal plane, was calculated from thigh and shank segment angles obtained by IMU, and coordinate data from the motion analysis system. Propulsion force was estimated by the increment of velocity calculated from anterior acceleration measured by IMU fixed on the thorax and lumbar spine, and normalized impulse of the anterior component of ground reaction force (AGRF) during late stance. Similarity of TLA measured by IMU and the motion analysis system was tested by the coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and root mean square (RMS) of measurement error. Relationships between normalized impulse of AGRF and increments of velocity, as measured by IMU, were tested using correlation analysis. CMC of TLA was 0.956–0.959. ICC between peak TLAs was 0.831–0.876 (p<0.001), and RMS of error was 1.42°–1.92°. Velocity increment calculated from acceleration on the lumbar region showed strong correlations with normalized impulse of AGRF (r=0.755–0.892, p<0.001). These results indicated a high validity of estimation of TLA and propulsion force by IMU during various gait conditions; these methods would be useful for best clinical practice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of Measurement for Trailing Limb Angle and Propulsion Force during Gait Using a Magnetic Inertial Measurement Unit

Miyazaki

Kawada

Nakai

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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“…However, Alghadier [2] concluded that carrying a backpack significantly altered the dynamic foot-loading patterns (peak plantar pressure, peak plantar force and contact area) in school-age children (7-12 years), which goes against the current findings. The cause of disagreement may be the difference in the nature of the measured outcomes; the GRFs do not provide any information about where the forces are being applied on the foot [9], whereas the in-shoe plantar pressure systems allow quantification of the amount of vertical GRF being applied on each region of the plantar surface of the foot [11]. However, Castro et al [8] found greater normalized anterior-posterior and vertical GRFs and greater plantar pressure peaks in the rearfoot, forefoot and hallux when adult participants walked carrying a backpack at high gait cadences compared to walking at low gait cadences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between neck angles and ground reaction forces in schoolchildren during backpack carriage

Mosaad

Abdel-aziem

2020

Biomedical Human Kinetics

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SummaryStudy aim: This study aimed to examine the effect of carrying backpacks on neck posture and ground reaction forces (GRFs) and to investigate the relationship between neck angles and GRFs during backpack carriage in schoolchildren.Material and methods: The craniohorizontal angle (CHA), craniovertebral angle (CVA), sagittal shoulder posture (SSP) and GRFs were measured in right-handed schoolchildren (14 male and 12 female) with mean age 10.17 ± 1.15 years during loaded and unloading conditions. The Qualisys motion analysis system with a force plate was used to assess the neck angles and GRFs.Results: During backpack carriage there was a significant increase in the CHA (p = 0.001), significant decrease in the CVA and SSP (p = 0.001, 0.016 respectively), no significant difference in the normalized (scaled to body weight) vertical GRFs (p > 0.05), and a significant increase in the anterior braking and posterior propulsive GRFs (p = 0.035, 0.002 respectively) compared to the unloading condition. While carrying a backpack there was a moderate negative correlation between the SSP and first vertical GRF (r = –0.464) and a strong negative correlation with the second vertical GRF (r = –0.571) and the posterior propulsive GRF (r = –0.587).Conclusion: Carrying a backpack weighing 15% of the child’s body weight changes the head posture and increases the normalized value of the anterior-posterior shear force. During backpack carriage, decreasing the SSP is associated with increasing the load acceptance, thrusting and posterior propulsive forces. Increasing the shearing force may lead to development of postural abnormities. Consequently, the ideal backpack weight should be considered by parents and teachers.

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“…It contains a triaxial accelerometer, a gyroscope, and eight piezoresistive pressure sensors. Castro et al [131] used the system to track 40 healthy participants during walking in which it demonstrated a high accuracy for plantar pressure variables. While most systems use insoles with fixed sensor locations, the W-INSHOE system is equipped with nine resistive pressure sensors which can be positioned freely to any part of the foot or shoe, allowing users to adjust the sensor location easily.…”

Section: A Commercial Footwear Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Wearable Sensor Systems to Monitor Plantar Loading in the Assessment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Wang

Jones

Chapman

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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Diabetes is highly prevalent throughout the world and imposes a high economic cost on countries at all income levels. Foot ulceration is one devastating consequence of diabetes, which can lead to amputation and mortality. Clinical assessment of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is currently subjective and limited, impeding effective diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Studies have shown that pressure and shear stress at the plantar surface of the foot plays an important role in the development of DFUs. Quantification of these could provide an improved means of assessment of the risk of developing DFUs. However, commerciallyavailable sensing technology can only measure plantar pressures, neglecting shear stresses and thus limiting their clinical utility. Research into new sensor systems which can measure both plantar pressure and shear stresses are thus critical. Our aim in this paper is to provide the reader with an overview of recent advances in plantar pressure and stress sensing and offer insights into future needs in this critical area of healthcare. Firstly, we use current clinical understanding as the basis to define requirements for wearable sensor systems capable of assessing DFU. Secondly, we review the fundamental sensing technologies employed in this field and investigate the capabilities of the resultant wearable systems, including both commercial and research-grade equipment. Finally, we discuss research trends, ongoing challenges and future opportunities for improved sensing technologies to monitor plantar loading in the diabetic foot.

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Accuracy and Repeatability of the Gait Analysis by the WalkinSense System

Cited by 32 publications

References 33 publications

Validity of Measurement for Trailing Limb Angle and Propulsion Force during Gait Using a Magnetic Inertial Measurement Unit

Validity of Measurement for Trailing Limb Angle and Propulsion Force during Gait Using a Magnetic Inertial Measurement Unit

The relationship between neck angles and ground reaction forces in schoolchildren during backpack carriage

A Review of Wearable Sensor Systems to Monitor Plantar Loading in the Assessment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers

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