Accuracy and repeatability of a new method for measuring facet loads in the lumbar spine

Wilson, Derek; Niosi, Christina A.; Zhu, Qingan; Oxland, Thomas R.; Wilson, David R.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.12.011

Cited by 116 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This is mostly due to technical difficulties and limited repeatability of the measurements. Data obtained with extra-articular strain gauges are highly sensitive to the number and the positioning of the strain gauges [35]. The use of intra-articular sensors or pressuresensitive films is inherently limited by the need of disrupting the facet capsule and the presence of a foreign body inside the articulation that alters the actual pressure distribution [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data obtained with extra-articular strain gauges are highly sensitive to the number and the positioning of the strain gauges [35]. The use of intra-articular sensors or pressuresensitive films is inherently limited by the need of disrupting the facet capsule and the presence of a foreign body inside the articulation that alters the actual pressure distribution [35]. Our calculations yielded facet forces between 30 and 40 N in extension, which are consistent with in vitro data of Wilson et al [35] who found a range of 10-50 N for the same moment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of multilevel lumbar disc arthroplasty on spine kinematics and facet joint loads in flexion and extension: a finite element analysis

et al. 2010

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Total disc arthroplasty (TDA) has been successfully used for monosegmental treatment in the last few years. However, multi-level TDA led to controversial clinical results. We hypothesise that: (1) the more artificial discs are implanted, the stronger the increases in spinal mobility and facet joint forces in flexion and extension; (2) deviations from the optimal implant position lead to strong instabilities. A three-dimensional finite element model of the intact L1-L5 human lumbar spine was created. Additionally, models of the L1-L5 region implanted with multiple Charité discs ranging from two to four levels were created. The models took into account the possible misalignments in the antero-posterior direction of the artificial discs. All these models were exposed to an axial compression preload of 500 N and pure moments of 7.5 Nm in flexion and extension. For central implant positions and the loading case extension, a motion increase of 51% for two implants up to 91% for four implants and a facet force increase of 24% for two implants up to 38% for four implants compared to the intact spine were calculated. In flexion, a motion decrease of 5% for two implants up to 8% for four implants was predicted. Posteriorly placed implants led to a better representation of the intact spine motion. However, lift-off phenomena between the core and the implant endplates were observed in some extension simulations in which the artificial discs were anteriorly or posteriorly implanted. The more artificial discs are implanted, the stronger the motion increase in flexion and extension was predicted with respect to the intact condition. Deviations from the optimal implant position lead to unfavourable kinematics, to high facet joint forces and even to lift-off phenomena. Therefore, multilevel TDA should, if at all, only be performed in appropriate patients with good muscular conditions and by surgeons who can ensure optimal implant positions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of multilevel lumbar disc arthroplasty on spine kinematics and facet joint loads in flexion and extension: a finite element analysis

et al. 2010

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“…In addition, a recent study using the same technique as Buttermann et al (1991) [131], with strain gauges mounted on the lamina of an isolated cadaveric lumbar vertebra, showed that considerable error can stem from determining facet force from extra-articular strains in all loading configurations except axial rotation [133]. Nevertheless, this strain gauge technique for the evaluation of the facet force preserves the facet capsule and enables comparison of load transfer through the facet joint before and after implantation of a medical device such as a fusion cage or an artificial disc Thin and flat pressure-sensitive paper or sensors can also be inserted between the articular surfaces of the joint after capsule transection to measure facet force [134][135][136] and contact pressure [137][138][139]. Using pressure-sensitive paper Dunlop [137] was one of the first to localize the regions and maximal magnitudes of contact pressure that are established in the human cadaveric lumbar facet joint during combined loading, with sagittal bending coupled with a 1000 N compressive load and a 200-400 N shear load applied to motion segments.…”

Section: Facet Forces and Pressuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal Facet Joint Biomechanics and Mechanotransduction in Normal, Injury and Degenerative Conditions

Jaumard¹,

Welch²,

Winkelstein³

2011

J. Biomech. Eng.

255

210

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The facet joint is a crucial anatomic region of the spine owing to its biomechanical role in facilitating articulation of the vertebrae of the spinal column. It is a diarthrodial joint with opposing articular cartilage surfaces that provide a low friction environment and a ligamentous capsule that encloses the joint space. Together with the disc, the bilateral facet joints transfer loads and guide and constrain motions in the spine due to their geometry and mechanical function. Although a great deal of research has focused on defining the biomechanics of the spine and the form and function of the disc, the facet joint has only recently become the focus of experimental, computational and clinical studies. This mechanical behavior ensures the normal health and function of the spine during physiologic loading but can also lead to its dysfunction when the tissues of the facet joint are altered either by injury, degeneration or as a result of surgical modification of the spine. The anatomical, biomechanical and physiological characteristics of the facet joints in the cervical and lumbar spines have become the focus of increased attention recently with the advent of surgical procedures of the spine, such as disc repair and replacement, which may impact facet responses. Accordingly, this review summarizes the relevant anatomy and biomechanics of the facet joint and the individual tissues that comprise it. In order to better understand the physiological implications of tissue loading in all conditions, a review of mechanotransduction pathways in the cartilage, ligament and bone is also presented ranging from the tissue-level scale to cellular modifications. With this context, experimental studies are summarized as they relate to the most common modifications that alter the biomechanics and health of the spine-injury and degeneration. In addition, many computational and finite element models have been developed that enable more-detailed and specific investigations of the facet joint and its tissues than are provided by experimental approaches and also that expand their utility for the field of biomechanics. These are also reviewed to provide a more complete summary of the current knowledge of facet joint mechanics. Overall, the goal of this review is to present a comprehensive review of the breadth and depth of knowledge regarding the mechanical and adaptive responses of the facet joint and its tissues across a variety of relevant size scales.

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“…5b) also depending on the BW. Most of these computed values laid within the ranges of 10-50 N and 55-110 N measured under 7.5 Nm extension and axial rotation, respectively [46]. For most applied loads the presence of the device affected the FJ biomechanics at both the treated and adjacent levels.…”

Section: Intersegmental Rotationsmentioning

confidence: 73%

In silico evaluation of a new composite disc substitute with a L3–L5 lumbar spine finite element model

et al. 2011

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When the intervertebral disc is removed to relieve chronic pain, subsequent segment stabilization should restore the functional mechanics of the native disc. Because of partially constrained motions and the lack of intrinsic rotational stiffness ball-on-socket implants present many disadvantages. Composite disc substitutes mimicking healthy disc structures should be able to assume the role expected for a disc substitute with fewer restrictions than ball-on-socket implants. A biomimetic composite disc prototype including artificial nucleus fibre-reinforced annulus and endplates was modelled as an L4-L5 disc substitute within a L3-L5 lumbar spine finite element model. Different device updates, i.e. changes of material properties fibre distributions and volume fractions and nucleus placements were proposed. Load-and displacement-controlled rotations were simulated with and without body weight applied. The original prototype reduced greatly the flexibility of the treated segment with significant adjacent level effects under displacement-controlled or hybrid rotations. Device updates allowed restoring large part of the global axial and sagittal rotational flexibility predicted with the intact model. Material properties played a major role, but some other updates were identified to potentially tune the device behaviour against specific motions. All device versions altered the coupled intersegmental shear deformations affecting facet joint contact through contact area displacements. Loads in the bony endplates adjacent to the implants increased as the implant stiffness decreased but did not appear to be a strong limitation for the implant biomechanical and mechanobiological functionality. In conclusion, numerical results given by biomimetic composite disc substitutes were encouraging with greater potential than that offered by ball-on-socket implants.

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Accuracy and repeatability of a new method for measuring facet loads in the lumbar spine

Cited by 116 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of multilevel lumbar disc arthroplasty on spine kinematics and facet joint loads in flexion and extension: a finite element analysis

Effect of multilevel lumbar disc arthroplasty on spine kinematics and facet joint loads in flexion and extension: a finite element analysis

Spinal Facet Joint Biomechanics and Mechanotransduction in Normal, Injury and Degenerative Conditions

In silico evaluation of a new composite disc substitute with a L3–L5 lumbar spine finite element model

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