Accuracy and Precision in vitro of Beetrode® Microelectrodes Used for Intraoral pH Measurements

Küseler, Annelise; Bælum, Vibeke; Fejerskov, O.; Heidmann, J.

doi:10.1159/000261539

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The enamel surface is a sponge, which by no means is chemically inert. The constantly ongoing pH fluctuations taking place even in socalled 'resting plaque' [Küseler et al, 1993;Baelum et al, 1994], and dramatically enhanced during exposure to fermentable carbohydrates [Stephan, 1940;Fejerskov et al, 1992], will be associated with chemical exchange reactions between the tooth mineral and the surrounding plaque fluid [Margolis et al, 1988]. We therefore proposed that 'the major reason for the cariostatic effect of fluoride can be ascribed to its ability to influence these processes, even at very low (0.2-1 ppm) F concentrations by facilitating calcium phosphate precipitation' [Fejerskov et al, 1981].…”

Section: Fluoride and Dental Cariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Paradigms in Concepts on Dental Caries: Consequences for Oral Health Care

2004

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Kuhn proposed in his Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) that the theoretical framework of a science (paradigm) determines how each generation of researchers construes a causal sequence. Paradigm change is infrequent and revolutionary; thereafter previous knowledge and ideas become partially redundant. This paper discusses two paradigms central to cariology. The first concerns the most successful caries-preventive agent: fluoride. When it was thought that fluoride had to be present during tooth mineralisation to ‘improve’ the biological apatite and the ‘caries resistance’ of the teeth, systemic fluoride administration was necessary for maximum benefit. Caries reduction therefore had to be balanced against increasing dental fluorosis. The ‘caries resistance’ concept was shown to be erroneous 25 years ago, but the new paradigm is not yet fully adopted in public health dentistry, so we still await real breakthroughs in more effective use of fluorides for caries prevention. The second paradigm is that caries is a transmittable, infectious disease: even one caused by specific microorganisms. This paradigm would require caries prevention by vaccination, but there is evidence that caries is not a classical infectious disease. Rather it results from an ecological shift in the tooth-surface biofilm, leading to a mineral imbalance between plaque fluid and tooth and hence net loss of tooth mineral. Therefore, caries belongs to common ‘complex’ or ‘multifactorial’ diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, in which many genetic, environmental and behavioural risk factors interact. The paper emphasises how these paradigm changes raise new research questions which need to be addressed to make caries prevention and treatment more cost-effective.

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Section: Fluoride and Dental Cariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Paradigms in Concepts on Dental Caries: Consequences for Oral Health Care

2004

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“…The tip of the electrode was 0.1 mm in diameter. The electrode was calibrated with standard pH buffers before the reading and checked after the last reading [Küseler et al, 1993].…”

Section: Measurement Of Tooth Surface Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Study Monitoring the pH on Tooth Surfaces in Patients with and without Erosion

et al. 2012

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The aim of this study was to compare tooth surface pH after drinking orange juice or water in 39 patients with dental erosion and in 17 controls. The following investigations were carried out: measurement of pH values on selected tooth surfaces after ingestion of orange juice followed by ingestion of water (acid clearance), measurement of salivary flow rate and buffering capacity. Compared with the controls, patients with erosion showed significantly greater decreases in pH after drinking orange juice, and the pH stayed lower for a longer period of time (p < 0.05). Saliva parameters showed no significant differences between the two patient groups except for a lower buffering capacity at pH 5.5 in the erosion group.

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“…However, the 2-mm straight touch wire electrode has been shown to give results intermediate between the sampling (measurement outside the mouth) and indwelling glass electrode methods [Lingström et al, 1993] suggesting that it does not suffer from the excesses or limitations of other techniques. The iridium oxide wire electrode has been reported to suffer from drift problems [Küseler et al, 1993], but our electrode gave readings that were reasonably accurate and precise 30 min or more after standardisation.…”

Section: A B Cmentioning

confidence: 78%

Plaque pH and Associated Parameters in Relation to Caries

et al. 1999

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Intensified plaque acidogenicity in caries–prone subjects was reported many years ago, but emerging evidence has suggested that the relationship may not be as strong as once thought. We have now determined a range of acidogenicity variables in subjects having both caries prevalence and incidence data, and have included plaque mineral data in the analysis. pH measurements were made in 20 randomly selected subjects from a high–caries group (mean DMFS = 8.95) and 20 from a caries–free group of Beijing children aged 12 years participating in a caries prediction study. Subgroups with a 12–month DMFS increment ≥2 or = 0 were also formed from the two groups, respectively. Measurements were made with an iridium oxide electrode inserted between teeth 13/14, 23/24, 34/35 and 44/45, before and every 5 min for 30 min after rinsing with 10% sucrose, and the 4 resulting ‘Stephan curves’ averaged using a plaque pH analysis program. Supragingival plaque was collected from buccal and lingual smooth surfaces of posterior and upper anterior teeth and its acid extract analysed for Ca, P and F. Caries–free subjects (based on past experience) had a significantly higher maximum plaque pH and pH value after 30 min (reflecting a faster return to resting pH), a lower minimum enamel dissolution capacity of plaque and recorded less time below pH 7.0 than did high–caries subjects. No other differences were significant, including those of the principal acidogenic parameters ‘minimum pH attained after a sugar rinse’, ‘curve area below the critical pH of 5.5’ and ‘time below the critical pH’. Selection of the caries groups on the basis of both experience and incidence did not reveal significant differences in more parameters. Upper arch plaque was significantly more acidogenic than lower arch plaque, and there was a consistently strong association between upper and lower arch values in individuals. Ca, P and F in the subjects’ plaque had little or no influence on the principal acidogenic parameters. Our failure to find a relationship between caries prevalence or activity and these principal acidogenicity parameters may be related to differences between fissure and smooth surface plaque, temporal variations in acidogenicity and/or to use of F toothpaste during the 1–year observation period. These results support the view that factors such as the frequency of acidogenic episodes may be more important in caries progression than the degree of acidogenicity during any one episode.

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Accuracy and Precision in vitro of Beetrode® Microelectrodes Used for Intraoral pH Measurements

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Changing Paradigms in Concepts on Dental Caries: Consequences for Oral Health Care

Changing Paradigms in Concepts on Dental Caries: Consequences for Oral Health Care

Clinical Study Monitoring the pH on Tooth Surfaces in Patients with and without Erosion

Plaque pH and Associated Parameters in Relation to Caries

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