Accumulation of Zn and Cu by Cereal and Leguminous Vegetation Under Agrochemical Improvement of Natural Fodder Lands of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the translocation of heavy metals-trace elements (Zn, Cu) in the cereal-legume vegetation of natural fodder lands during their surface improvement (milling with the introduction of sugar-juice defecation sludge, NPK fertilizers) and root improvement (plowing the soil with the introduction of sugar-juice defecation sludge and NPK fertilizers). Based on the analysis of literary sources, it was established that as a result of man-made activities, the condition of fodder lands is deteriorating due to the ingress of toxicants, in particular, heavy metals. The research was conducted in the conditions of natural fodder grounds of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine during 2017-2019. The determination of heavy metals in soils and plant material was carried out in the laboratory by the atomic absorption method. The hazard ratio of heavy metals in soils and biodiversity and the accumulation ratio of heavy metals were determined. It was established that in cereal and leguminous vegetation during the three years of vegetation of natural fodder lands in the zone of their local pollution due to surface improvement, the concentration of Zn increased from 1.01 times to 1.07 times, Cu -from 1.01 times to 1.02 times, while with root improvement, the concentration decreased for Zn content from 1.1 times to 1.25 times, and for Cu content -from 1.02 times to 1.55 times. At the same time, a tendency towards a decrease in the hazard coefficients and the accumulation of Zn and Cu in cereal-legume vegetation was noted with the root improvement of natural fodder soils compared to surface ones.

Content of Heavy Metals in the Phytomass of the Natural Meadowecosystems of Vinnytsia Region Under General Background Pollution and as a Result of Anthropogenic Transformation of Land

“…Small amounts of creeping clover (Trifolium repens), meadow peas (Písum pratensis), yarrow (Achillea millefolium), mimosa (Setaria), plantain (Plantago), dandelion (Leontodon), and horned lily (Lotus corniculatus) are found in small quantities [9].…”

“…Vegetation in the lowlands of natural lowland meadows is constantly affected by both natural and climatic conditions and anthropogenic impact, which reduces the stability of their coenoses. Therefore, the conservation of phytocoenoses under such conditions requires a competent approach based on an in-depth analysis of the ongoing monitoring of their agroecological condition [8].…”

“…Powerful sources of environmental pollution with heavy metals are the following complexes: mining, metallurgical, machine-building, chemical, transport, agro-industrial, housing communal, etc. [8]. It is known that mine wastewater and post-mining water in mines contain several pollutants, among which heavy metals are the most dangerous.…”

“…In addition, the damage to plants by pathogens is significantly reduced and their spread to the fields is hindered. Instead, diseases spread to natural phytocoenoses bordering the fields, and plants that are closely related to cultivated plants are affected by these diseases [8].…”

Influence of the Type of Root on the Rooting of <i>Viburnum opulus</i>

“…In the practice of green cuttings, it is customary to reduce the area of the leaf and the number of nodes on the cuttings in order to reduce the area of evaporation, but in this case the supply of the cuttings with the products of photosynthesis is impaired. Therefore, a differentiated approach to determining the optimal type of cuttings is necessary in order to provide physiologically active and plastic substances for the processes of regeneration of lost organs with green cuttings (Titarenko, 2022;Mazur, 2021;Hnatiuk, 2019;Kaletnik, 2020;Pryshliak, 2023). The technology of green grafting provides accelerated and production-efficient reproduction of many fruit and berry cultures, is indispensable for the reproduction of forms and varieties, with a small amount of starting material.…”