Accumulation of zinc and Organic Acids in Roots of Zinc Tolerant and Non-tolerant Ecotypes of Deschampsia caespitosa

Godbold, Douglas L.; Horst, W. J.; Collins, J. C.; Thurman, David A.; Marschner, H.

doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(84)80084-x

Cited by 102 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This species grows spontaneously on many metal contaminated sites (Baker et al, 1986;Cox and Hutchinson, 1980;Rostan´ski, 1997;Smith and Bradshaw, 1979), however scientist paid little attention to this species compared to other species as Festuca rubra, Festuca ovina, Agrostis capilaris and Agrostis stolonifera (Li and Chaney, 1998;Smith and Bradshaw, 1979;Tordoff et al, 2000;Vangronsveld et al, 1995). Although there are many papers dealing with heavy metals accumulation and heavy metal tolerances in D. cespitosa (Baker et al, 1986;Cox and Hutchinson, 1980;Godbold et al, 1983Godbold et al, , 1984Von Frenckell-Insam and Hutchinson, 1993 a, b), there is a lack of data on application of this plant species for revegetation and reclamation of metal contaminated soils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of indigenous plant species and calcium phosphate for the stabilization of highly metal-polluted sites in southern Poland

et al. 2005

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Highly metal-polluted (Pb, Cd, Zn) soil from a non-ferrous mine and smelter site in southern Poland, further referred to as ''Waryn´ski'' soil, was used to test indigenous plant species for stabilization effectiveness of heavy metals in soils. Results of pilot investigations with commercially available cultivars of plant species showed that these cultivars could not grow on this highly polluted soil even with the application of soil amendments to stabilize the heavy metals. Based on these results, mesocosm and field experiments with an indigenous, metal-tolerant ecotype of Deschampsia cespitosa from the Warynski site were carried out. The mesocosm experiment showed that applications of calcium phosphate (3.8% w/w) as a heavy metal-stabilizing amendment decreased Cd and Zn concentrations 2 and 3-fold respectively in leachates, whereas lead content was not significantly changed. This decrease in the concentration of heavy metals in leachates was correlated with a lower accumulation of Pb, Cd and Zn in the roots and shoots of D. cespitosa, ecotype Warynski. In the field experiment, lower accumulations of Cd in roots and shoots and Zn in shoots in the amendment added plot were observed during the second year of investigations. In the first growing season, D. cespitosa plant cover in the amendment enriched mesocosms ranged from 95 to 100%, compared to 10% in mesocosms without calcium phosphate. In the second year of the experiment, in non-amendment enriched mesocosms D. cespitosa was substituted with Cardaminopsis arenosa (95% cover). C. arenosa is an undesirable species for phytostabilization, as it accumulates high amounts of zinc and cadmium in its shoots, even thought it provided better growth cover in not amended soils. However, in amended mesocosms, soil surface cover by D. cespitosa was still very high (90%). Similar results were obtained in field experiments. Addition of calcium phosphate to the soil also resulted in excellent D. cespitosa root system development when compared to soils without amendment. In amended mesocosms, high plant cover and root system development significantly decreased the volume of leachates and improved water retention. These results indicate that the use of D. cespitosa, ecotype Waryn´ski in combination with calcium phosphate as a heavy metals immobilizing agent is sufficient to restore a dense vegetative cover to highly heavy metal-polluted soil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of indigenous plant species and calcium phosphate for the stabilization of highly metal-polluted sites in southern Poland

et al. 2005

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“…Godbold et al (4) reported that the total Zn to citrate ratio in roots of nontolerant Deschampsia caespitosa was 1 and that in Zn-tolerant clones the ratio was 1.5 to 2. However, they found, in their attempt to determine the chemical form of Zn, that root saps of both ecotypes showed a similar 1:1 molar ratio ofZn to citrate after gel filtration chromatography.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various mechanisms have been proposed to account for the accumulation of these potentially toxic heavy metal ions in the plant vacuole (18,30). In general, these mechanisms include formation of soluble metal-organic acid complexes (4,9,14) or metal-phytate (25,26), formation ofmetalpeptide or metal-peptide-sulfide complexes (9,18,27), or precipitation of metal-sulfides (2,21,25).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer-Simulated Evaluation of Possible Mechanisms for Quenching Heavy Metal Ion Activity in Plant Vacuoles

Wang¹,

Evangelou²,

Nielsen³

et al. 1991

Plant Physiol.

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Various mechanisms have been suggested for the quenching of Cd ion activity in plant vacuoles. These include solution complexation with organic acids and sulfhydryl-containing peptides and precipitation as sulfides. Because direct experimental support for these mechanisms is lacking and difficult to obtain, we have used a computer model to evaluate the quenching role of possible organic and inorganic ligands of tobacco cultured cells exposed to Cd. Results of this thermodynamic evaluation, which assumes that a chemical equilibrium state is met in the vacuole, support the conclusion that sulfhydryl-containing peptides and certain organic acids may form soluble Cd complexes. Although complexation of malate and oxalate with Cd is predicted to be less significant, citrate in the concentration range encountered in the tobacco cultured cell vacuoles has high potential for forming soluble complexes with Cd over the entire possible vacuolar pH range, especially 4.3 to 7.0, even in the presence of low levels of Cd-binding peptides. In addition, results show that inorganic chloride, sulfide (if present), and phosphate may also act to sequester Cd ion activity in the vacuole by forming soluble Cd-Cl and insoluble CdS and Cd-phosphate.Understanding the fate ofCd in plants is of interest because of concerns of Cd transfer from plants to animals and man. Recent studies suggest that heavy metals accumulated in the higher plant are mainly compartmentalized in the vacuole (5, 7, 9, 27). Various mechanisms have been proposed to account for the accumulation of these potentially toxic heavy metal ions in the plant vacuole (18,30). In general, these mechanisms include formation of soluble metal-organic acid complexes (4, 9, 14) or metal-phytate (25, 26), formation ofmetalpeptide or metal-peptide-sulfide complexes (9, 18, 27), or precipitation of metal-sulfides (2,21,25).Support for a particular mechanism of accumulation/sequestration of an ion is gained if the compartment of accumulation/sequestration is verified and if speciation of the ion in that compartment is determined. Both direct and indirect approaches (10) used to determine compartmentation ofions, including heavy metals, can only provide qualitative and quantitative estimates of vacuole contents (28). They cannot identify the species of ion complexes occurring in vacuoles. Therefore, mechanisms proposed on the basis of compartmentation analysis alone are not sufficient to argue the validity of a mechanism of accumulation/sequestration. However, it is possible with computer assistance to simulate the ion species distribution in the plant vacuole and thus to evaluate a proposed mechanism.Computer calculations have been used to model the chemistry of xylem sap of soybean and tomato (29). Here, we use data obtained previously regarding sap composition of vacuoles from Cd-treated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultured cells and the GEOCHEM-PC computer model (16,23) to predict ion species of these vacuoles in vivo. The prediction of ion speciation in vacuoles of Zn-treate...

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“…Higher concentrations of organic acids have been found in heavy metal-tolerant plants than in sensitive plants (Thurman & Rankin, 1982 ;Godbold et al, 1984 ;Harmens et al, 1994 ;Yang et al, 1997), but a major role of organic acids in detoxification of heavy metals has been questioned (Thurman & Rankin, 1982 ;Harmens et al, 1994). Citrate and malate have been found in Ni hyperaccumulators (Homer et al, 1991 ;Sagner et al, 1998).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ni (17 µM) and Cd (0.44 µM) did not affect the exudation of LMW organic acids, but the possibility of organic acid production at higher metal concentrations cannot be excluded. Organic acids have been suggested to play a role in heavy metal tolerance, for example citrate in Zn tolerance (Godbold et al, 1984) and malate for Ni tolerance (Yang et al, 1997).…”

Section: Heavy Metals and Production Of Oxalic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic acids produced by mycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris exposed to elevated aluminium and heavy metal concentrations

Ahonen-Jonnarth¹,

Hees²,

Lundström³

et al. 2000

New Phytologist

185

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A cultivation method was developed to enable exposure of ectomycorrhizal plants with intact extramatrical mycelium to solutions containing different concentrations of aluminium or heavy metals. Pinus sylvestris seedlings colonized by Suillus variegatus (two isolates), Rhizopogon roseolus or Paxillus involutus (two isolates) were used. Seedlings were transferred to Petri dishes containing glass beads and exposed to elevated concentrations of Al, Cd, Cu, or Ni in two ways : immediately following transfer ; and after allowing mycorrhizal seedlings to develop an extraradical mycelium that colonized the interface between the upper surface of the beads and the metalcontaining solution. Production of organic acids in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal systems was measured by withdrawing samples from the solution and analyzing by HPLC. In most experiments, levels of oxalic acid were significantly higher in mycorrhizal treatments than in non-mycorrhizal controls. The measured levels of organic acids were variable, but the results obtained suggest that production of oxalic acid is stimulated by exposure to elevated Al in mycorrhizal seedlings colonized by S. variegatus and R. roseolus. Elevated Al concentrations also increased oxalic acid production by non-mycorrhizal seedlings significantly in two of four Al experiments performed, but the measured concentrations were significantly lower than in corresponding mycorrhizal treatments in both cases. Malonic acid was found in the culture solution of non-mycorrhizal and P. involutuscolonized seedlings, but only trace amounts were found in S. variegatus or R. roseolus-infected seedlings. Citric, shikimic, lactic, acetic, propionic, fumaric, formic, iso-butyric and butyric acid were found in variable concentrations. Production of oxalic acid by seedlings colonized by S. variegatus BL or P. involutus was not stimulated by exposure to 0.44 µM Cd or 17 µM Ni. Exposure to 0.157 mM Cu in two separate experiments using P. involutus 87.017 and two strains of S. variegatus (BL and I59) appeared to stimulate production of oxalic acid irrespective of mycorrhizal status or species.

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Accumulation of zinc and Organic Acids in Roots of Zinc Tolerant and Non-tolerant Ecotypes of Deschampsia caespitosa

Cited by 102 publications

References 12 publications

The use of indigenous plant species and calcium phosphate for the stabilization of highly metal-polluted sites in southern Poland

The use of indigenous plant species and calcium phosphate for the stabilization of highly metal-polluted sites in southern Poland

Computer-Simulated Evaluation of Possible Mechanisms for Quenching Heavy Metal Ion Activity in Plant Vacuoles

Organic acids produced by mycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris exposed to elevated aluminium and heavy metal concentrations

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