Accumulation of Transposable Elements in the Heterochromatin and on the Y Chromosome of Drosophila simulans and Drosophila melanogaster

Junakovic, Nikolaj; Terrinoni, Alessandro; Franco, Carmen Di; Vieira, Cristina; Lœvenbruck, C.

doi:10.1007/pl00006346

Cited by 53 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The restriction of this transposition to the male germline should lead to there being more 412 insertions on the Y chromosome, and fewer on the X chromosome than on the autosomes, because the male is hemizygous in Drosophila. This is consistent with the observation that both D. simulans and D. melanogaster show numerous insertions of 412 and copia retrotransposons on the Y chromosome (Junakovic et al, 1997) with many times fewer insertions on the X chromosome than on the autosomes (Biémont, 1992;Biémont et al, 1997).…”

Section: Is Expressed Only In Malessupporting

confidence: 88%

Tissue-specificity of 412 retrotransposon expression in Drosophila simulans and D. melanogaster

et al. 2002

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We analyse the expression of the retrotransposon 412 in the soma, testes, and ovaries in populations of Drosophila simulans and D. melanogaster, using RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. We find that expression of 412 is highly variable in the soma, confirming previous findings based on Northern blots. No 412 RNA is detected in the ovaries by either in situ hybridization or RT-PCR, in any population of either species. Transcripts are, however, detected in the male germline, which show a very characteristic spatial pat-

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Section: Is Expressed Only In Malessupporting

confidence: 88%

Tissue-specificity of 412 retrotransposon expression in Drosophila simulans and D. melanogaster

et al. 2002

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“…It has been shown that each retrotransposon tends to have a different ratio of distribution between euchromatin and heterochromatin (12) and that different locations in the chromosome influence the conservation and the copy number of transposable elements (26,29). The elements tend to be more abundant in heterochromatin because of the lower density of functional genes in this region (13,26,29), but they are more degenerate and expressed at lower levels than elements present in the euchromatin (26). It is tempting to hypothesize that the high-copynumber retrotransposons present in the S. mansoni genome are preferentially located in heterochromatin, generating several truncated copies that would be inactive, thus accounting for their low transcriptional activity.…”

Section: Vol 78 2004mentioning

confidence: 99%

Saci-1, -2, and -3 and Perere, Four Novel Retrotransposons with High Transcriptional Activities from the Human Parasite Schistosoma mansoni

DeMarco¹,

Kowaltowski²,

Machado

et al. 2004

J Virol

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Using the data set of 180,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni generated recently by our group, we identified three novel long-terminal-repeat (LTR)-and one novel non-LTR-expressed retrotransposon, named Saci-1, -2, and -3 and Perere, respectively. Full-length sequences were reconstructed from ESTs and have deduced open reading frames (ORFs) with several uncorrupted features, characterizing them as possible active retrotransposons of different known transposon families. Alignment of reconstructed sequences to available preliminary genome sequence data confirmed the overall structure of the transposons. The frequency of sequenced transposon transcripts in cercariae was 14% of all transcripts from that stage, twofold higher than that in schistosomula and three-to fourfold higher than that in adults, eggs, miracidia, and germ balls. We show by Southern blot analysis, by EST annotation and tallying, and by counting transposon tags from a Social Analysis of Gene Expression library, that the four novel retrotransposons exhibit a 10-to 30-fold lower copy number in the genome and a 4-to 200-fold-higher transcriptional rate per copy than the four previously described S. mansoni retrotransposons. Such differences lead us to hypothesize that there are two different populations of retrotransposons in S. mansoni genome, occupying different niches in its ecology. Examples of retrotransposon fragment inserts were found into the 5 and 3 untranslated regions of four different S. mansoni target gene transcripts. The data presented here suggest a role for these elements in the dynamics of this complex human parasite genome.

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“…The endogenous retrovirus gypsy of Drosophila has potentially active elements that are predominantly located on the Y chromosome (12,20,34). However, the high numbers of gypsy elements on the Y chromosome are not due to preferences of integration but instead result from the loss of gypsy elements from the other chromosomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Long Terminal Repeat Retrotransposon of Fission Yeast Has Strong Preferences for Specific Sites of Insertion

Singleton

Levin

2002

Eukaryot Cell

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The successful dispersal of transposons depends on the critical balance between the fitness of the host and the ability of the transposon to insert into the host genome. One method transposons may use to avoid the disruption of coding sequences is to target integration into safe havens. We explored the interaction between the long terminal repeat retrotransposon Tf1 and the genome of the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Using techniques that were specifically designed to detect integration of Tf1 throughout the genome and to avoid bias in this detection, we generated 51 insertion events. Although 60.2% of the genome of S. pombe is coding sequence, all but one of the insertions occurred in intergenic regions. We also found that Tf1 was significantly more likely to insert into intergenic regions that included polymerase II promoters than into regions between convergent gene pairs. Interestingly, 8 of the 51 insertion sites were isolated multiple times from genetically independent cultures. This result suggests that specific sites in intergenic regions are targeted by Tf1. Perhaps the most surprising observation was that per kilobase of nonrepetitive sequence, Tf1 was significantly more likely to insert into chromosome 3 than into one of the other two chromosomes. This preference was found not to be due to differences in the distribution or composition of intergenic sequences within the three chromosomes.

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Accumulation of Transposable Elements in the Heterochromatin and on the Y Chromosome of Drosophila simulans and Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 53 publications

References 43 publications

Tissue-specificity of 412 retrotransposon expression in Drosophila simulans and D. melanogaster

Tissue-specificity of 412 retrotransposon expression in Drosophila simulans and D. melanogaster

Saci-1, -2, and -3 and Perere, Four Novel Retrotransposons with High Transcriptional Activities from the Human Parasite Schistosoma mansoni

A Long Terminal Repeat Retrotransposon of Fission Yeast Has Strong Preferences for Specific Sites of Insertion

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