Accumulation of PSP toxins in Atlantic mackerel: seasonal and ontogenetic variations

Castonguay, Martin; Levasseur, Maurice; Beaulieu, Julien; Grégoire, François; Michaud, Sonia; Bonneau, E.; Bates, Stephen S.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01648.x

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Documented cases of PSP toxins associated with marine mammal mortalities are limited, yet include 1 example involving the deaths of 14 humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae in Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts, USA (Geraci et al 1989). The proximate toxin source was reported to be zooplanktivorous Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus that accumulated PSP toxins while feeding in either the Gulf of St. Lawrence (see Castonguay et al 1997) or the Bay of Fundy (Haya et al 1990) and subsequently entered the Gulf of Maine and Cape Cod Bay, where they were consumed by the whales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis and their zooplankton prey in the Bay of Fundy, Canada

Doucette¹,

Cembella²,

Martin³

et al. 2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis and their zooplankton prey in the Bay of Fundy, Canada

Doucette¹,

Cembella²,

Martin³

et al. 2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…According to Castonguay et al . (), PSTs were found to be progressively accumulated throughout the mackerel's life. This result contrasts with the hydrophilic nature of PSTs, which facilitates their elimination from fish, being easily excreted by renal processes (Bakke and Horsberg ).…”

Section: Anatomical Distribution and Kinetics Of Psts In Fish Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…It was found that PSTs had accumulated all year round in the liver of Atlantic mackerel from Gulf St Lawrence (Castonguay et al . ). According to Castonguay et al .…”

Section: Anatomical Distribution and Kinetics Of Psts In Fish Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Impact and effects of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins derived from harmful algal blooms to marine fish

Costa

2014

Fish and Fisheries

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Fish are frequently exposed to paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) derived from harmful algal blooms (HAB). PSTs are potent neurotoxins with strong effects on fish at multiple trophic levels. Here, we examine the historical and contemporary mass mortality events combining with the available data on response of fish to PSTs' exposure. The data show that fish are negatively affected by these natural toxins on a recurring basis. Transient effects of PSTs have also been observed in fish and although difficult to quantify, these sublethal effects can affect foraging and predation avoidance. Additionally, the spatiotemporal overlapping of fish spawning and HAB can also be critical for fish survival and fisheries recruitment. Exposure of fish in their early life stages to dissolved toxins in the water column has also been identified as a risk factor for fish survival. In the context of global climate change, where PSTs are likely to become increasingly important, new insights and a synthesis of up-to-date information on fish response to PSTs and the risk associated with toxic dinoflagellate blooms are presented.

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“…PSP toxins also accumulate in zooplanktivorous fish such as Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (Sephton et al, 2007), herring, Clupea harengus harengus (White, 1981), and mackerel, Scomber scombrus (Castonguay et al, 1997). Toxins generally do not accumulate in the muscle thereby minimizing the risk to human consumers; however, those who consume whole fish are at greater risk of exposure.…”

Section: Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paralytic shellfish poisoning: Seafood safety and human health perspectives

Etheridge

2010

Toxicon

275

145

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a b s t r a c tParalytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is the foodborne illness associated with the consumption of seafood products contaminated with the neurotoxins known collectively as saxitoxins (STXs). This family of neurotoxins binds to voltage-gated sodium channels, thereby attenuating action potentials by preventing the passage of sodium ions across the membrane. Symptoms include tingling, numbness, headaches, weakness and difficulty breathing. Medical treatment is to provide respiratory support, without which the prognosis can be fatal. To protect human health, seafood harvesting bans are in effect when toxins exceed a safe action level (typically 80 mg STX eq 100 g À1 tissue). Though worldwide fatalities have occurred, successful management and monitoring programs have minimized PSP cases and associated deaths. Much is known about the toxin sources, primarily certain dinoflagellate species, and there is extensive information on toxin transfer to traditional vectors -filter-feeding molluscan bivalves. Non-traditional vectors, such as puffer fish and lobster, may also pose a risk. Rapid and reliable detection methods are critical for toxin monitoring in a wide range of matrices, and these methods must be appropriately validated for regulatory purposes. This paper highlights PSP seafood safety concerns, documented human cases, applied detection methods as well as monitoring and management strategies for preventing PSP-contaminated seafood products from entering the food supply.Published by Elsevier Ltd. Paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins and sourcesParalytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is a common seafood toxicity problem with worldwide distribution, and typically this illness is due to the consumption of contaminated molluscan bivalves and other shellfish. A similar seafood-related syndrome involves puffer fish contaminated with the same family of toxins. To distinguish these puffer fish poisonings from those caused by tetrodotoxin, this food poisoning syndrome is becoming known in the literature as saxitoxin puffer fish poisoning (SPFP; Landsberg et al., 2006;Deeds et al., 2008a). The toxins responsible for both of these seafood-borne illnesses are the neurotoxins known collectively as the saxitoxins (STXs), also referred to as PSP toxins (or PSTs). At least 24 saxitoxin-like congeners have been identified (Fig. 1), with a range of hydroxyl, carbamyl, and sulfate moieties at four sites on the backbone structure. These substitutions result in congeners varying more than three orders of magnitude in potency (Oshima et al., 1993). The carbamate toxins are the most potent, and they include saxitoxin (STX), neosaxitoxin (NEO), and the gonyautoxins (GTX1-4). The decarbamoyl toxins (dcSTX, dcNEO, dcGTX1-4) have intermediate toxicity and are reported in certain bivalves, but are not commonly found in toxic dinoflagellates. The N-sulfocarbamoyl toxins (B1 [GTX5], B2 [GTX6] and C1-4) are less potent. There is a fourth group known as the deoxydecarbamoyl toxins, but their potency has not yet *

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Accumulation of PSP toxins in Atlantic mackerel: seasonal and ontogenetic variations

Cited by 31 publications

References 16 publications

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis and their zooplankton prey in the Bay of Fundy, Canada

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis and their zooplankton prey in the Bay of Fundy, Canada

Impact and effects of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins derived from harmful algal blooms to marine fish

Paralytic shellfish poisoning: Seafood safety and human health perspectives

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