Accumulation of phlorotannins in the abalone Haliotis discus hannai after feeding the brown seaweed Ecklonia cava

The current interest of the scientific community for the exploitation of high-value compounds from macroalgae is related to the increasing knowledge of their biological activities and health benefits. Macroalgae phenolic compounds, particularly phlorotannins, have gained particular attention due to their specific bioactivities, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, or antidiabetic. Notwithstanding, the characterization of macroalgae phenolic compounds is a multi-step task, with high challenges associated with their isolation and characterization, due to the highly complex and polysaccharide-rich matrix of macroalgae. Therefore, this fraction is far from being fully explored. In fact, a critical revision of the extraction and characterization methodologies already used in the analysis of phenolic compounds from macroalgae is lacking in the literature, and it is of uttermost importance to compile validated methodologies and discourage misleading practices. The aim of this review is to discuss the state-of-the-art of phenolic compounds already identified in green, red, and brown macroalgae, reviewing their structural classification, as well as critically discussing extraction methodologies, chromatographic separation techniques, and the analytical strategies for their characterization, including information about structural identification techniques and key spectroscopic profiles. For the first time, mass spectrometry data of phlorotannins, a chemical family quite exclusive of macroalgae, is compiled and discussed.

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“…A Ecklonia cava Isolation of 7-phloroeckol and eckol from ethyl ether fraction of crude extract [187].…”

Section: Luna-c18 (-)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reversed-phase (RP) HPLC columns have been the most used in macroalgae phenolic rich extracts [32,39,62,73,157,159,169,173,180,182,[186][187][188][189]. Octadecyl ("C18" or "ODS") has been the most used stationary phase, with a particle size of 5 µm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Quest for Phenolic Compounds from Macroalgae: A Review of Extraction and Identification Methodologies

et al. 2019

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“…The procedure was conducted on ice to reduce enzymatic degradation of phlorotannins. Phlorotannins were extracted from the tissue paste according to the method of Bangoura et al [1]. Briefly, abalone paste (2.5 g) was shaken in methanol (10 ml) and chloroforms (40 ml), and then partitioned by adding deionized water (7.5 ml).…”

Section: Quantification Of Phlorotannins From Abalonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, these substances are transferred to the abalone. In the previous research, bio-active phlorotannins were accumulated in the flesh tissue of abalone by feeding of the Ecklonia cava [1]. Phlorotannins, polymers of phloroglucinol found only in brown seaweeds [14], are known as potent antioxidant [8], anti-inflammatory [9], antidiabetic [13], and antihypertensive [7] compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Intake and Accumulation of Phlorotannins in Abalone after Feeding the Phaeophyte Ecklonia stolonifera

Bangoura¹,

Hong²

2015

Journal of Life Science

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Dietary intake and bioavailability of phorotannins in abalone was investigated after feeding with the phlorotannin-rich brown seaweed Ecklonia stolonifera after 4 days starvation. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) affords isolation and quantification of the major phlorotannins of 7-phloroeckol and eckol, which were identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Abalone growth and feed consumption rates were similar when fed either with the E. stolonifera or the common feed seaweed Saccharina japonica for 20 days. Throughout the feeding period, 7-phloroeckolol was accumulated in the abalone flesh tissue up to an average of 0.58±0.13 mg/g dry weight after 6 days. Eckol was reached to 0.25±0.05 mg/g dry tissue after 6 days, and maintained the level until end of feeding period. By feeding S. japonica as a control, no phlorotannins were detected in the abalone tissues. Both of the abalone, fed with E. stolonifera or S. japonica, had enzymes that decomposed 7-phloroeckol and eckol in muscle tissues, with similar degradation rates of -0.05 or less and -0.05 mg/ml/hr, respectively. Phlorotannins were reduced by constitutive enzymes in abalone tissues. Therefore, value-added abalone containing bioactive phlorotannins can be produced by simply changing the feed to the phlorotannin-rich brown seaweed E. stolonifera 6 days before harvest.

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“…The uptake and retention of metabolites depend on their chemical properties and feed sources. 7-Phloroeckol from Ecklonia cava was taken up more rapidly, but eliminated more readily, compared to the same compound in E. bicyclis (Bangoura et al, 2014). The abalone may possess enzymes capable of degrading phlorotannins present in muscle.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Feeding the Abalone Haliotis discus hannai with the Seaweed Eisenia bicyclis Allows the Accumulation of Phlorotannins

Bangoura¹,

Chowdhury²,

Getachew³

et al. 2015

Fisheries and aquatic sciences

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Abalone containing phlorotannins is produced by feeding the phlorotannin-rich brown seaweed Eisenia bicyclis after 4 days of starvation. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used to isolate and quantify phlorotannins, which were identified by mass spectrometry and [ 1 H]-nuclear magnetic resonance to be the P1 compound, 7-phloroeckol, and eckol. When E. bicyclis was used as feed, P1 compound accumulated to an average of 1.60 mg/g dry weight of abalone muscle tissue after 18 d, 7-phloroeckolol to 0.21 mg/g after 16 d, and eckol to 0.22 mg/g after 12 d. Saccharina japonica was used as a control feed, and the abalone showed little or no accumulation of phlorotannins in muscle tissue. Feed consumption and growth rate were very similar when either E. bicyclis or S. japonica was fed for 20 d. Half-maximal reductions in the levels of P1 compound, 7-phloroeckol, and eckol accumulation were attained in 1.5, 1.9, and 3.4 days, respectively, after the feed was switched from E. bicyclis to S. japonica. Value-added abalone containing bioactive phlorotannins can be produced by simply changing the feed to the phlorotannin-rich E. bicyclis 18 d prior to harvesting.

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Accumulation of phlorotannins in the abalone Haliotis discus hannai after feeding the brown seaweed Ecklonia cava

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

The Quest for Phenolic Compounds from Macroalgae: A Review of Extraction and Identification Methodologies

The Quest for Phenolic Compounds from Macroalgae: A Review of Extraction and Identification Methodologies

Dietary Intake and Accumulation of Phlorotannins in Abalone after Feeding the Phaeophyte Ecklonia stolonifera

Feeding the Abalone Haliotis discus hannai with the Seaweed Eisenia bicyclis Allows the Accumulation of Phlorotannins

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