Accumulation of phenylpropanoids in the rectal glands of males of the Oriental fruit fly,Dacus dorsalis

Abstract

Short Communicationsthey behave as if stimulated sexually by the flower labellum.Analyses of volatiles from O. litigiosa flowers 2o indicate the presence of citronellyl and farnesyl esters. These are biochemically closely related to geranyl esters and thus might be responsible for the attraction of male elaterid beetles to various Ophrys flowers.1 Financial assistance was donated by The Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation and the Axel and Margaret Ax:son Jol~nson Foundation. We thank B. Baur for statistical advice.Summary. Two phenylpropanoid compounds, 2-allyl-4,5-dimethoxyphenol(II) and coniferyl alcohol(III), were characterized from body tissue of wild males of the Oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsal&. These compounds accumulated in the rectal glands only when laboratory-reared males were fed with methyl eugenol. Compound II was released into the air during dusk, which coincides with the fly courtship period. Pheromonal and allomonal effects of the phenylpropanoids were examined. The clerid beetle, Thanasimus formicarius, is attracted to the pheromone of the ambrosia beetle,Summary. Sticky traps containing (+)-lineatin, the pheromone of the ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron lineatum, attracted the predator Thanasimus formicarius to about the same extent as traps baited with ipslure, the pheromone blend used for mass-trapping Ips typographus. The results indicate that T. lineatum is an important prey for T. formicarius early in the season before the main prey becomes active. Addition of exo-brevicomin to ipslure and ethanol and/or c~-pinene to (+)-lineatin did not significantly influence the catches of the predator.

Effects of methyl eugenol and raspberry ketone/cue lure on the sexual behavior of Bactrocera species (Diptera: Tephritidae)

“…Further, bioactive fractions from the haemolymph containing DMP and CF have been isolated (Hee and Tan, 2005), suggesting the involvement of putative pheromone binding proteins. Nishida (1988a) and found DMP and CF in the rectal gland of B. dorsalis males 6 d and as long as 20 d, respectively, after ingesting ME, indicating the capability for long-term retention of these chemicals. Importantly, ME metabolites have been detected in male volatile emissions (the pheromone "smoke" produced by Bactrocera males, Ohinata et al, 1982;Kuba and Sokei, 1988), DMP in the spray of B. dorsalis (Nishida et al, 1988a) and B. papayae and CF in the spray of B. carambolae .…”

“…Nishida (1988a) and found DMP and CF in the rectal gland of B. dorsalis males 6 d and as long as 20 d, respectively, after ingesting ME, indicating the capability for long-term retention of these chemicals. Importantly, ME metabolites have been detected in male volatile emissions (the pheromone "smoke" produced by Bactrocera males, Ohinata et al, 1982;Kuba and Sokei, 1988), DMP in the spray of B. dorsalis (Nishida et al, 1988a) and B. papayae and CF in the spray of B. carambolae . In addition, females have been shown to be attracted to the ME derivatives presented either singly or in a blend (Tan and Nishida, 1996;Nishida et al, 1997;Hee and Tan, 1998;.…”

“…In B. carambolae, the majority of ME is apparently converted to CF . DMP and CF were present in varying amounts in the rectal gland of field-caught B. dorsalis, B. carambolae, and B. papayae males and/or laboratory-reared, ME-fed males but were absent in laboratory-reared males deprived of ME (Nishida et al, 1988a;Perkins et al, 1990;Fletcher and Kitching, 1995;Nishida, 1996, 1998;Wee and Tan, 2001;Tan et al, 2002;Khoo and Tan, 2005;. Based on data from B. dorsalis, the conversion of ME occurs immediately after ingestion as DMP and CF were detected in the haemolymph within 5 min of feeding (Hee and Tan, 2006).…”

“…further showed that female response to ME metabolites is maximal at low light levels, corresponding to the dusk mating period. Male attraction to DMP and CF has also been demonstrated in B. dorsalis, although CF appears to elicit a response only over very short distances (Nishida et al, 1988a;Tan and Nishida, 1996).…”

3-Oxygenated α-ionone derivatives as potent male attractants for the solanaceous fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae), and sequestered metabolites in the rectal gland

“…After feeding on an attractant source, males of Bactrocera species incorporate the chemicals selectively in their rectal glands, which are presumed to function as a reservoir of sex pheromone to attract females, as demonstrated in methyl eugenol-B. dorsalis association (Nishida et al, 1988;Shelly and Dewire, 1994;Hee and Tan, 1998;Tan and Nishida, 1998). It was shown that sexually mature males of B. latifrons that fed on a series of 3-oxygenated a-ionone/a-ionol analogs selectively incorporate and partially biotransform the compounds in a specific ratio and store the metabolites in the rectal gland (Nishida et al, 2009), suggesting a possible pheromonal role of the components in their life cycle.…”