Accumulation of multiacetylated forms of histones by trichostatin A and its developmental consequences in early starfish embryos

Ikegami, Susumu; Ooe, Yasunori; Shimizu, Takahiko; Kasahara, Toshihiko; Tsuruta, Tatsuhiko; Kijima, Masako; Yoshida, Minoru; Beppu, Teruhiko

doi:10.1007/bf00365304

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…During the early development of A. pectinifera, the embryo undergoes extremely rapid cellular replication [16,18]. Slower rates of cell division characterize the embryo from the early to mid-blastula stages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have shown that the treatment of A. pectinifera embryos with trichostatin A, a potent and selective inhibitor of histone deacetylase [39], induces hyperacetylation of histone H4 and causes developmental arrest at the early gastrula stage [18]. Trichostatin A treatment causes suppression of the appearance of p28 in A. pectinifera embryos (T. Shimizu & S. Ikemagi, unpublished results).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eggs and sperm were obtained as described previously [18][19][20]. Eggs were fertilized and embryos were cultured in artificial sea water that contained 5 mgAEmL )1 streptomycin sulfate and 50 lgAEmL )1 penicillin G. Cultures were maintained in jars at a density of < 5000 embryos per mL with gentle stirring.…”

Section: Cultivation Of Embryosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nTG protein level increases in parallel with mRNA levels. These results suggest that nTG is, directly or indirectly, involved in the modification of the nuclear structure or intranuclear signaling pathways during starfish embryogenesis [16][17][18]. …”

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confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization of a novel nuclear transglutaminase that is expressed during starfish embryogenesis

Sugino¹,

Terakawa²,

Yamasaki³

et al. 2002

Eur J Biochem

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We report the constitution and molecular characterization of a novel transglutaminase (EC 2.3.2.13) that starts to accumulate specifically in the nucleus in the starfish (Asterina pectinifera) embryo after progression through the early blastula stage. The cDNA for the nuclear transglutaminase was cloned and the cDNA-deduced sequence defines a single open reading frame encoding a protein with 737 amino acids and a predicted molecular mass of 83 kDa. A comparison of this transglutaminase with other members of the gene family revealed an overall sequence identity of 33-41%. A special sequence feature of this transglutaminase, which is not found in other transglutaminases, is the presence of nuclear localization signal-like sequences in the N-terminal region.Microinjection of hybrid constructs that encode the N-terminal segment fused to reporter proteins into the germinal vesicle of an oocyte produced chimeric proteins by transcription-coupled translation. It was found that the N-terminal segment alone was sufficient to effect nuclear accumulation of an otherwise cytoplasmic protein. These results suggest that the nuclear accumulation of the transglutaminase may play an important role in nuclear remodeling during early starfish embryogenesis.Keywords: transglutaminase; nucleus; starfish; embryo; cloning.The class of enzymes that are commonly referred to as transglutaminases (TG) (EC 2.3. Recent findings have shown that, apart from their protein modifying capabilities, tissue TG is also able to function as a component of the signal-transducing G protein complex [7]. The cDNA of G ha , involved in the transmission of adrenergic stimuli, is identical to that of tissue TG of human endothelial cells [7]. Tissue TG is localized mainly in the cytosol, but detectable tissue TG expression has been reported in the nucleus [8][9][10]. However, TG activity in the nucleus and the mechanisms of its translocation is not well understood, and nucleus-specific TG has not been reported.It is accepted that many proteins are able to cross nuclear membranes and accumulate against gradients to concentrate in the nucleus [11,12]. The nuclear translocation of proteins via the nuclear pore complex is dependent on a nuclear localization signal in the protein, which is rich in basic amino acids and may be bipartite [13][14][15]. The functional assays of such nuclear localization signals are usually based on the ability of a signal to confer nuclear localization to an otherwise non-nuclear protein.The present paper describes the occurrence of a novel TG that is localized exclusively in the nucleus of starfish (Asterina pectinifera) embryonic cells and is designated nuclear TG (nTG). The amino-acid sequence derived from the cDNA sequence contains putative nuclear localization signals [15] in the N-terminal region. We demonstrate here that the N-terminal region promotes the nuclear accumulation of an otherwise cytoplasmic protein, namely pyruvate kinase (PK), in the A. pectinifera oocyte system. This finding suggests that nuclear localization sig...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cultivation Of Embryosmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization of a novel nuclear transglutaminase that is expressed during starfish embryogenesis

Sugino¹,

Terakawa²,

Yamasaki³

et al. 2002

Eur J Biochem

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“…lnhibition of HD with trichostatin and/or trapoxin causes detransformation of sis-oncogene-transformed human cells (Yoshida and Sugita, 1992), induces differentiation of leukemic cells (Yoshida et al, 1985), arrests the cell cycle of rat fibroblasts in G, and G P (Yoshida and Beppu, 1988), and blocks starfish development at the early gastrula stage (Ikegami et al, 1993); in none of these systems does trichostatin or Aeo-containing cyclic peptides cause cell death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of maize histone deacetylases by HC toxin, the host-selective toxin of Cochliobolus carbonum.

et al. 1995

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HC toxin, the host-selective toxin of the maize pathogen Cochliobolus carbonum, inhibited maize histone deacetylase (HD) at 2 pM. Chlamydocin, a related cyclic tetrapeptide, also inhibited HD activity. The toxins did not affect histone acetyltransferases. After partia1 purification of histone deacetylases HD1-A, HD1-B, and HD2 from germinating maize embryos, we demonstrated that the different enzymes were similarly inhibited by the toxins. lnhibitory activities were reversibly eliminated by treating toxins with 2-mercaptoethanol, presumably by modifying the carbonyl group of the epoxidecontaining amino acid Aeo (2-amino-9,1O-epoxy-8-oxodecanoic acid). Kinetic studies revealed that inhibition of HD was of the uncompetitive type and reversible. HC toxin, in which the epoxide group had been hydrolyzed, completely lost its inhibitory activity; when the carbonyl group of Aeo had been reduced to the corresponding alcohol, the modified toxin was less active than native toxin. In vivo treatment of embryos with HC toxin caused the accumulation of highly acetylated histone H4 subspecies and elevated acetate incorporation into H4 in susceptible-genotype embryos but not in the resistant genotype. HDs from chicken and the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum were also inhibited, indicating that the host selectivity of HC toxin is not determined by its inhibitory effect o n HD. Consistent with these results, we propose a model in which HC toxin promotes the establishment of pathogenic compatibility between C. carbonum and maize by interfering with reversible histone acetylation, which is implicated in the control of fundamental cellular processes, such as chromatin structure, cell cycle progression, and gene expression.

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Chromatin and chromosomal controls in development

Vermaak¹,

Wolffe

1998

Dev. Genet.

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Accumulation of multiacetylated forms of histones by trichostatin A and its developmental consequences in early starfish embryos

Cited by 33 publications

References 21 publications

Molecular characterization of a novel nuclear transglutaminase that is expressed during starfish embryogenesis

Molecular characterization of a novel nuclear transglutaminase that is expressed during starfish embryogenesis

Inhibition of maize histone deacetylases by HC toxin, the host-selective toxin of Cochliobolus carbonum.

Chromatin and chromosomal controls in development

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