Oils are among the most important
agricultural commodities and
have wide applications in food/nutrition, biofuels, and oleochemicals.
The oleaginous microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica can produce large amounts of oils and the high-value ω-3 eicosapentaenoic
acid, which represents a promising resource for oil production targeting
biodiesel, nutraceutical, and aquaculture industries. In recent years,
with the availability of omics databases and the development of genetic
tools, N. oceanica has been extensively
investigated as a model photosynthetic organism for studying lipid
metabolism and as a green cellular factory to produce lipids for industrial
applications. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the
lipid composition and biosynthetic pathways of N. oceanica and reviews the recent advances in metabolic engineering of lipid
production in this microalga.