Accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd), carbon and nitrogen in sediments from Strait of Georgia, B.C., Canada

Macdonald, R. W.; Macdonald, D.M.; O'Brien, Mary; Gobeil, Charles

doi:10.1016/0304-4203(91)90017-q

Cited by 58 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Sediment source-areas and the description of markers are also represent challenging topics commonly addressed in studies on the origin and transit (deposition and suspension) of particles. Some authors focus exclusively on clay minerals to highlight sedimentary dynamics in coastal areas (Oliveira et al, 2002), while other studies make use geochemical tracers as markers of sedimentary material, mainly with the aim of assessing contamination/pollution (Goldberg et al, 1979;Macdonald et al, 1991;Lee and Cundy, 2001;Santschi et al, 2001). In the Bay of Seine and Seine estuary, several studies have used geochemical or biomarkers to elucidate the origin of fine material (Dupont et al, 1994;Dubrulle-Brunaud, 2007;Dubrulle et al, 2007;Vrel, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment dynamic equilibrium, a key for assessing a coastal anthropogenic disturbance using geochemical tracers: Application to the eastern part of the Bay of Seine

Baux

Murat

Faivre

et al. 2019

Continental Shelf Research

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Geochemical studies are becoming more and more frequent in the context of the increasing pressure of human activities on marine coastal ecosystems and represent an appropriate tool to assess anthropogenic disturbances. Moreover, it is difficult to find discriminant markers. The eastern part of the Bay of Seine (English Channel) is highly impacted by the presence of harbour activities, fishing and sediment extraction. Dredged sediment from the Grand Port Maritime du Havre (GPMH) are deposited at the subtidal Octeville site, in the north-eastern part of the mouth of the Seine estuary (mixed sediment area). To understand natural and anthropogenic sedimentary mechanisms in this area, a geochemical and sedimentological study was conducted at the beginning of 2016. A dense sampling campaign including 179 stations was carried out between Cap de La Hève and Cap d'Antifer. For comparison, sampling was carried out in the harbour (13 samples in basins strongly or very weakly dredged), in the dredged grab itself and in the Seine estuary sediment (one station in the brackish zone and two stations in the river freshwater zone). Elemental compositions were determined by X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry and infrared spectrometry. Using PCA (Principal Component Analysis), seven constituents were selected (Si, As, S, Pb, Rb, organic Br and TOC) to determine the area influenced by dumped spoil and the sediment transport directions. Sediment areas in dynamic equilibrium display a TOC gradient perpendicular to the coastline, linked to granulometric variations due to a combination of the swell and tidal currents. In the study area, dredged sediment are finer grained and have undergone changes due to the influence of diagenetic processes characteristic of the harbour environment. As a result, these sediment are enriched in sulphides, Pb, TOC and Rb, which allows us to highlight the in-situ deposited sediment spoil. Dumped sediment and the area subject to their influence are clearly identified since they locally disrupt the natural dynamic equilibrium state.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment dynamic equilibrium, a key for assessing a coastal anthropogenic disturbance using geochemical tracers: Application to the eastern part of the Bay of Seine

Baux

Murat

Faivre

et al. 2019

Continental Shelf Research

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“…The Strait has long been valued for 50 fishing, transportation and recreation, but, like most coastal seas, it has also been used 51 directly and indirectly for discharge of industrial waste, including pulp mill, mining and 52 municipal wastewater effluents. Sediments in the Strait of Georgia record the entry of a 53 wide variety of anthropogenic contaminants, including lead (Macdonald et al, 1991) (Fig. 3).…”

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confidence: 99%

Joined by geochemistry, divided by history: PCBs and PBDEs in Strait of Georgia sediments

Johannessen

Macdonald

Wright

et al. 2008

Marine Environmental Research

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“…Urbanization, industry and agriculture along the shores of the Strait of Georgia and adjacent inlets have resulted in contamination by metals, organic pollutants, other chemicals and pathogens. The long history of contaminants entering the strait is evident in marine sediment core records of chemicals like PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), PBDEs (polybrominated diphenylethers), dioxins and furans , polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (Yunker et al 1999), metals (Macdonald et al 1991, Johannessen et al 2005a), tri-butyl tin (TBT) (Stewart & Thompson 1994) and industrial detergents (Shang et al 1999). Many of these contaminants exhibit a characteristic temporal trend, with an initial entry date, an increase to a maximum and then a decrease subsequent to regulation (Fig.…”

Section: Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8. A schematic representation of the time lines for selected contaminant exposures in the Strait of Georgia (not drawn to scale in terms of toxicological importance; data sources: Macdonald et al 1991, Stewart & Thompson 1994, Johannessen et al 2005a , where a 'movement' is defined as one uniquely identifiable ship observation per 25 km 2 grid cell. Ferries and cruise ships (56%) account for most of the traffic, followed by tugs (29%), cargo (7%), fishing (3%) and all others (5%).…”

Section: Marine Trafficmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of local and global change on an inland sea: the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, Canada

Johannessen¹,

Macdonald²

2009

Clim. Res.

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Global changes manifest themselves in coastal waters depending on local oceanography and ecosystems. In this paper, we consider the Strait of Georgia as a case study. After examining physical and chemical processes and trends, we discuss consequences of change on geochemical cycling and biota. Several components of the system are vulnerable. Declines in pH and O 2 of basin waters, partly imported from the shelf and partly supported by carbon cycling within the strait, could reduce benthic and pelagic habitat. Sea level rise and storms will interact with coastal development to place critical habitat, such as low-lying estuaries, intertidal zones and mudflats, at risk. The decrease and earlier peak in zooplankton biomass may lead to changes in the food web that cascade to higher trophic levels such as fish and birds. Anadromous fish, already showing declines, are vulnerable to ocean regime shifts, increasing river temperatures, habitat destruction, harvesting and contaminants. For southern resident killer whales Orcinus orca, a species at risk, decline in Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha together with marine traffic and biomagnifying contaminants will lead to extirpation if no action is taken. Some stressors can be controlled only through international action to mitigate climate change. However, we have local control of fishing, habitat destruction, release of some contaminants and, to some extent, river flow and temperature. Acting to control these stressors will support resilience of biota in the face of inevitable global changes.

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Accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd), carbon and nitrogen in sediments from Strait of Georgia, B.C., Canada

Cited by 58 publications

References 42 publications

Sediment dynamic equilibrium, a key for assessing a coastal anthropogenic disturbance using geochemical tracers: Application to the eastern part of the Bay of Seine

Sediment dynamic equilibrium, a key for assessing a coastal anthropogenic disturbance using geochemical tracers: Application to the eastern part of the Bay of Seine

Joined by geochemistry, divided by history: PCBs and PBDEs in Strait of Georgia sediments

Effects of local and global change on an inland sea: the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, Canada

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