Accumulation of heavy metals in Oostriku peat bog, Estonia: -site description, conceptual modelling and geochemical modelling of the source of the metals

Syrovetnik, Kristina; Puura, Erik; Neretnieks, Ivars

doi:10.1007/s00254-003-0931-x

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…[12,13] These studies are usually carried out in various territories in the vicinity of pollution sources. In Latvia the area of peatlands covers 10.7 % of the entire territory of Latvia, and raised bogs occupy 41.7 % of the whole area covered by peatlands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major and trace element distribution in the peat from ombrotrophic bogs in Latvia

Silamiķele¹,

Kļaviņš²,

Nikodemus³

2011

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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This study was undertaken to analyse major and trace elements and the nature of their accumulation in peat, with a particular emphasis on peat properties and the impact of local and regional pollution sources on the character of element accumulation in ombrotrophic bogs in Latvia. The element concentration values in peat from Latvia reflect the local processes that affect element concentrations in the peat mass, indicating accumulation of trace elements - apparently of anthropogenic origin (Pb, Cd, Co, Ni and others) - in the upper layers of the peat profiles. In addition, they indicate accumulation of several elements (for example, As, Cr and others) in deeper layers of bog, possibly due to the feeding pattern, depending on the saturation of the groundwater.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major and trace element distribution in the peat from ombrotrophic bogs in Latvia

Silamiķele¹,

Kļaviņš²,

Nikodemus³

2011

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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“…Aerosols generated by burning fossil fuels are able to bind with water molecules and accumulate in areas with high humidity like peat bogs (Alloway and Ayres 1996). Syrovetnik et al. (2004) determined that the accumulation of metals in peat bogs, like Zn, Cu, and Cd, can exceed maximal permitted concentration up to three times; other heavy metals even reached 20‐ to 50‐fold levels of the permitted concentration.…”

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confidence: 99%

Intracellular Metal Compartmentalization in the Green Algal Model System Micrasterias Denticulata (Streptophyta) Measured by Transmission Electron Microscopy-Coupled Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy1

Volland¹,

Andosch²,

Milla³

et al. 2011

Journal of Phycology

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Entry of metals in form of aerosols into areas of high air humidity such as peat bogs represents a serious danger for inhabiting organisms such as the unicellular desmid Micrasterias denticulata Bréb. ex Ralfs (Desmidiaceae, Zynematophyceae, Streptophyta). To understand cellular detoxification and tolerance mechanisms, detailed intracellular localization of metal pollutants is required. This study localizes the metals aluminum (Al), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd) in the green algal model system Micrasterias after experimental exposure to sulfate solutions by highly sensitive TEM-coupled electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Concentrations of the metals shown to induce inhibiting effects on cell development and cytomorphogenesis were chosen for these experiments. Long-term exposure to these metal concentrations led to a pronounced impact on cell physiology expressed by a general decrease in apparent photosynthesis. After long-term treatment, Zn, Al, and Cu were detected in the cell walls by EELS. Zn was additionally found in vacuoles and mucilage vesicles, and Cu in starch grains and also in mucilage vesicles. Elevated amounts of oxygen in areas where Zn, Al, and Cu were localized suggest sequestration of these metals as oxides. The study demonstrated that Micrasterias can cope differently with metal pollutants. In low doses and during a limited time period, the cells were able to compartmentalize Cu the best, followed by Zn and Al. Cu and Zn were taken up into intracellular compartments, whereas Al was only bound to the cell wall. Cd was not compartmentalized at all, which explains its strongest impact on growth, cell division rate, and photosynthesis in Micrasterias.

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“…Peat is an organic sediment, which the color of which varies from light brown almost to black, and is formed under waterlogged conditions from the partial decomposition of mosses and other bryophytes, sedges, grasses, shrubs, or trees [3]. However, peat is not only a specific organic deposit but also a unique repository for metals and their compounds [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], accompanied by the mobilization and concentration of elements [6,7,11,12] under the conditions of swamp evolution. Various biogeochemical processes in peat bogs lead to the formation of new mineral phases such as sulfides (pyrite, marcasite, sphalerite, galena), carbonates (calcite, siderite), sulfates (gypsum, anhydrite, jarosite), iron oxides (goethite), aragonite, calcite, opal-A, halite, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, there are several issues regarding the metal sources [3,6,7], the conditions of mineral formation [8,14,[17][18][19], and the subsequent evolution of minerals [10] in peat deposits. Metal enrichment of peat is interpreted by one of the following processes or their combination: interaction with underlying rocks and diffusion from groundwater [4,6,7,10,13], precipitation of atmospheric dust caused by natural or anthropogenic factors [9,15,[20][21][22][23], release from plants [4,7,24], and detrital input from surrounding rocks [4,6,10,12]. Peat comprises relatively young Cenozoic organic deposits that can be studied considering many parameters of the geological environment, such as the composition of waters and atmospheric dust, pH and Eh conditions, growth rates, botanical composition, microbiological processes, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Authigenic and Detrital Minerals in Peat Environment of Vasyugan Swamp, Western Siberia

et al. 2018

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Studies of mineral-forming processes in modern peat bogs can shed light on metal concentrations and their cycling in similar environments, especially in geological paleoanalogs. In terms of the mineralogical and geochemical evolution of peat bog environments, the Vasyugan Swamp in Western Siberia is a unique scientific object. Twelve peat samples were collected from the Vasyugan Swamp up to the depth of 275 cm at 25 cm intervals. The studied peat deposit section is represented by oligotrophic (0–100 cm), mesotrophic (100–175 cm), and eutrophic (175–275 cm) peat, and this is underlain by basal sediments (from 275 cm). About 30 minerals were detected using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The observed minerals are divided into detrital, clay, and authigenic phases. The detrital minerals found included quartz, feldspar, ilmenite, rutile, magnetite, zircon, and monazite. When passing from basal to oligotrophic bog sediments, the clay minerals changed from illite-smectite to kaolinite. Authigenic minerals are represented by carbonates (calcite and dolomite), iron (hydro-)oxides, galena, sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, Zn-Pb-S mineral, barite, baritocelestine, celestine, tetrahedrite, cassiterite, REE phosphate, etc. The regular distribution of mineral inclusions in peat is associated with the (bio)geochemical evolution of the environment. The formation of authigenic Zn, Pb and Sb sulfides is mainly confined to anaerobic conditions that exist in the eutrophic peat and basal sediments. The maximum amount of pyrite is associated with the interval of 225–250 cm, which is the zone of transition from basal sediments to eutrophic peat. The formation of carbonate minerals and the decreasing concentration of clay in the association with local sulfide formation (galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, stibnite) begins above this interval. The peak of specific carbonation appears in the 125–150 cm interval of the mesotrophic peat, which is characterized by pH 4.9–4.5 of pore water. Kaolinite is the dominant clay mineral in the oligotrophic peat. Gypsum, galena, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and relicts of carbonate are noted in association with kaolinite. Changes in oxygen concentrations are reflected in newly formed mineral associations in corresponding intervals of the peat. This can be explained by the activity of microbiological processes such as the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) and bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR), expressed in specific carbonatization (100–225 cm) and sulfidization (175–250 cm), respectively.

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Accumulation of heavy metals in Oostriku peat bog, Estonia: -site description, conceptual modelling and geochemical modelling of the source of the metals

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Major and trace element distribution in the peat from ombrotrophic bogs in Latvia

Major and trace element distribution in the peat from ombrotrophic bogs in Latvia

Intracellular Metal Compartmentalization in the Green Algal Model System Micrasterias Denticulata (Streptophyta) Measured by Transmission Electron Microscopy-Coupled Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy1

Authigenic and Detrital Minerals in Peat Environment of Vasyugan Swamp, Western Siberia

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