Accumulation of glycolipids in wheat grain and their role in hardness during grain development

Qin, Hong‐Yan; Ma, Dongyun; Huang, Xin; Zhang, Jie; Sun, Wan; Hou, Gege; Wang, Chenyang; Guo, Tao

doi:10.1016/j.cj.2018.08.005

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The biosynthesis and importance of MGDG in floral tissues have been highlighted in many green plants, including Arabidopsis , petunia and lily (Nakamura et al, 2003, 2009; Nakamura, 2015), particularly in the late stages of flower development (Nakamura et al, 2014). Plastids in non-photosynthetic tissues such as chromoplast and amyloplast have also been found to contain MGDG (Kalisch et al, 2016; Qin et al, 2019). Our gene expression analysis infers that the synthesis of MGDG in anther and seed is mainly contributed by AtMGD3, OsMGD2 , and ZmMGD2 in Arabidopsis , rice and maize, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Mutational Analysis of a Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol Synthase Gene OsMGD2 in Rice

et al. 2019

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Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) are the two predominant galactolipids present in the photosynthetic membrane in many photosynthetic organisms, including algae and higher plants. These galactolipids are the main constituents of thylakoid membrane and are essential for chloroplast biogenesis and photoautotrophic growth. In silico analysis revealed that rice ( Oryza sativa L.) genome has three genes encoding MGDG synthase ( OsMGD1, 2 , and 3 ). Although subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that OsMGD2 is localized to chloroplast, its expression was observed mainly in anther and endosperm, suggesting that MGDG might have an important role in the development of flower and grain in rice. Knock-out mutants of OsMGD2 were generated employing the CRISPR/Cas9 system and their morphology, yield and grain quality related traits were studied. The leaf of osmgd2 mutants showed reduced MGDG (∼11.6%) and DGDG (∼9.5%) content with chlorophyll a content decreased by ∼23%, consequently affecting the photosynthesis. The mutants also exhibited poor agronomic performance with plant height and panicle length decreased by ∼12.2 and ∼7.3%, respectively. Similarly, the number of filled grains per panicle was reduced by 43.8%, while the 1000 grain weight was increased by ∼6.3% in the mutants. The milled rice of mutants also had altered pasting properties and decreased linoleic acid content (∼26.6%). Put together, the present study demonstrated that OsMGD2 is the predominantly expressed gene encoding MGDG synthase in anther and grain and plays important roles in plant growth and development, as well as in grain quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Mutational Analysis of a Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol Synthase Gene OsMGD2 in Rice

et al. 2019

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“…The studies on biomechanical properties have confirmed that the interaction between starch granules and the protein matrix plays an important role in kernel texture [13]. More recently, the content of polar lipids on the starch granule surface has been linked to the breakdown of the amyloplast membrane, implying new insights into the interaction between polar lipids and puroindolines [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Toward the Genetic Basis and Multiple QTLs of Kernel Hardness in Wheat

Tu¹,

Li²

2020

Plants

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Kernel hardness is one of the most important single traits of wheat seed. It classifies wheat cultivars, determines milling quality and affects many end-use qualities. Starch granule surfaces, polar lipids, storage protein matrices and Puroindolines potentially form a four-way interaction that controls wheat kernel hardness. As a genetic factor, Puroindoline polymorphism explains over 60% of the variation in kernel hardness. However, genetic factors other than Puroindolines remain to be exploited. Over the past two decades, efforts using population genetics have been increasing, and numerous kernel hardness-associated quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been identified on almost every chromosome in wheat. Here, we summarize the state of the art for mapping kernel hardness. We emphasize that these steps in progress have benefitted from (1) the standardized methods for measuring kernel hardness, (2) the use of the appropriate germplasm and mapping population, and (3) the improvements in genotyping methods. Recently, abundant genomic resources have become available in wheat and related Triticeae species, including the high-quality reference genomes and advanced genotyping technologies. Finally, we provide perspectives on future research directions that will enhance our understanding of kernel hardness through the identification of multiple QTLs and will address challenges involved in fine-tuning kernel hardness and, consequently, food properties.

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“…The wheat accessions used previously are different between studies, also making it difficult to directly compare the results. Importantly, PINB2 proteins possibly hold the structure and/or sequence basis for interacting with gluten proteins or lipids [68][69][70]72].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomics-Enabled Analysis of Puroindoline b2 Genes Identifies New Alleles in Wheat and Related Triticeae Species

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Kernel hardness is a key trait of wheat seeds, largely controlled by two tightly linked genes Puroindoline a and b (Pina and Pinb). Genes homologous to Pinb, namely Pinb2, have been studied. Whether these genes contribute to kernel hardness and other important seed traits remains inconclusive. Using the high-quality bread wheat reference genome, we show that PINB2 are encoded by three homoeologous loci Pinb2 not syntenic to the Hardness locus, with Pinb2-7A locus containing three tandem copies. PINB2 proteins have several features conserved for the Pin/Pinb2 phylogenetic cluster but lack a structural basis of significant impact on kernel hardness. Pinb2 are seed-specifically expressed with varied expression levels between the homoeologous copies and among wheat varieties. Using the high-quality genome information, we developed new Pinb2 allele specific markers and demonstrated their usefulness by 1) identifying new Pinb2 alleles in Triticeae species; and 2) performing an association analysis of Pinb2 with kernel hardness. The association result suggests that Pinb2 genes may have no substantial contribution to kernel hardness. Our results provide new insights into Pinb2 evolution and expression and the new allele-specific markers are useful to further explore Pinb2’s contribution to seed traits in wheat.

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Accumulation of glycolipids in wheat grain and their role in hardness during grain development

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Characterization and Mutational Analysis of a Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol Synthase Gene OsMGD2 in Rice

Characterization and Mutational Analysis of a Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol Synthase Gene OsMGD2 in Rice

Toward the Genetic Basis and Multiple QTLs of Kernel Hardness in Wheat

Genomics-Enabled Analysis of Puroindoline b2 Genes Identifies New Alleles in Wheat and Related Triticeae Species

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