Accumulation of domoic acid in marine organisms from Sriracha bay, Chonburi province, Thailand

Abstract

Domoic acid (DA), a toxin produced by diatoms Pseudo-nitzschia and Nitzschia, causes amnesic shellfish poisoning. DA accumulated in marine organisms from Sriracha bay, Chonburi province, Thailand was determined from May 2012 to July 2013. Field surveys and sample collections were conducted every two months. DA content was determined using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and ranged between not detectable and 110 ng/l for plankton. DA content in zooplankton ranged between 0.04 and 0.21 ng/l and in Perna viridis, Crassostrea lugubris, and Pinctada fucata it ranged between 214 and 454, 171 and 371, and 117 and 282 ng/g, respectively. DA content in Secutor megalolepis ranged between not detectable and 44.2 ng/g. DA was found in zooplankton, shellfish, and fish from Sriracha bay throughout the year. The amount of DA accumulation in marine organisms was lower than the regulation level (20 µg/g). Average DA content in zooplankton, shellfish, and fish throughout the year were 42%, 44%, and 5% of the DA content in phytoplankton, respectively. DA transfers from phytoplankton to zooplankton and shellfish were 7% and 8%, respectively, while transfer from zooplankton to fish was 2%.

Residue Analysis and Assessment of the Risk of Dietary Exposure to Domoic Acid in Shellfish from the Coastal Areas of China

“…DA contamination has also been reported in both wild and cultivated shellfish in many European countries, such as: M. edulis galloprovincialis and Donax trunculus in 1999, in France [11]; Cerastoderma edule and Venerupis pullastra in 2000, in Portugal [12]; M. galloprovincialis in 2000-2004, in Italy [13]; M. edulis and Pecten maximus in 2001-2022, in Scotland [14]; M. galloprovincialis and Venus verucosa in 2002, in Greece [15]; P. maximus in 2003-2004 [16], Callista chione and D. trunculus in 2008-2011 [17], in Spain; and M. galloprovincialis in 2011, in Croatia [18]. In Asia, the prevalence of DA contamination has also been reported in: M. galloprovincialis in 2018-2019, in Turkey [19]; Perna viridis, Crassostrea lugubris, and Pinctada fucata in 2012-2013, in Thailand [20]; and M. trossulus and Mizuhopecten yessoensis in 2009-2010, in Russia [21]. A survey in Angola showed DA contamination in Dosinia orbignyi Dunker, V. corrugate Gmelin and Mactra glabrata L. in 2007 [22].…”

“…Studies have shown that different shellfish accumulate different levels of DA in their tissues [20,24], probably due to different accumulation and elimination rates and differences in the distribution of DA in the various tissues [25]. In many bivalves, most of the DA accumulates in the digestive gland, which is the main site of metabolic elimination [26][27][28][29].…”