Accumulation of Arsenic in the Shoots of Sudan Grass and Bush Bean

Toxicity of arsenate in Silene vulgaris, accumulation and degradation of arsenate‐induced phytochelatins

“…Increased As levels may cause toxic symptoms in plants, such as a decrease in plant growth and fruit yield (Carbonell-Barrachina et al, 1995), root discoloration and root plasmolysis, wilting and necrosis of leaf tips and leaf margins (Machlis, 1941), and a decrease in photosynthetic capacity (Marin et al, 1993).…”

“…which the As is transported is unknown. There is some indication that dimethylarsenic acid is transported to the shoots (Marin et al, 1993).Increased As levels may cause toxic symptoms in plants, such as a decrease in plant growth and fruit yield (Carbonell-Barrachina et al, 1995), root discoloration and root plasmolysis, wilting and necrosis of leaf tips and leaf margins (Machlis, 1941), and a decrease in photosynthetic capacity (Marin et al, 1993).Some authors have reported the accumulation of heavy metal-binding, thiol-rich phytochelatins (PCs) on exposure to As (Grill et al, 1986a(Grill et al, ,b, 1987Maitani et al, 1996). Phytochelatins have the structure (γ-glu-cys) n -gly, where n l 2-11 (Grill et al, 1985), and are produced in plants on exposure to a variety of heavy metals and metalloids (Gekeler et al, 1989).…”

Influence of Arsenate and Phosphate on the Regulation of Growth and TCA Cycle in the Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) Cultivars IR64 and Nayanmani

“…Arsenic shows various phytotoxic effects like stunted shoot and root growth, yellowing of leaves [4] along with reduction in the photosynthetic capacity of the cell [5]. This is the result of reaction of pentavalent and trivalent arsenic radicals with the sulfhydryl groups and replacement of phosphate from ATP [6].…”

Arsenic Contamination in Soil and Sediment in India: Sources, Effects, and Remediation

“…2 [25,26,91,97,106,115,116]. Arsenic mobilization in the Bengal Basin can occur by discharge of arsenic into alluvial sediments by oxidation of arsenic-containing pyrite [74,75,99], displacement of anions of As present in aquifer sedimentary minerals by phosphate anions used in fertilizers which are applied on the soil surface [5,6,100,101], and discharge of arsenic in anoxic conditions by reduction of iron oxyhydroxide during sediment burial [14-16, 80, 81, 87, 88, 100, 101]. …”

“…The toxicity symptoms may include inhibition of seed germination [2], decrease in plant height [2,24,67,77,78], depressed tillering [70], reduction in root growth and some necrosis (unprogrammed cell/living tissue death; [2]), decrease in shoot growth [33], and lower fruit and grain yield [2,3,24,70] and sometimes lead to death [10,77,78,136] discolored and stunted roots, withered and yellow leaves [74], and reductions in chlorophyll and protein contents, and in photosynthetic capacity [77,78]. However, little is known about the effect of arsenic on photosynthesis, the basis of the plant bio-chemical system.…”