Accumulation of apocarotenoids in mycorrhizal roots of Ornithogalum umbellatum

Schliemann, Willibald; Schmidt, Jürgen; Nimtz, Manfred; Wray, Victor; Fester, Thomas; Strack, Dieter

doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.05.005

Cited by 40 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Methanol extracts were analyzed by HPLC according to Schliemann et al (2006). A 10 mL aliquot of each extract was injected onto a 5 mm Nucleosil C 18 column (250 3 4 mm i.d.…”

Section: Metabolite Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, levels of AM-induced plant secondary metabolites, such as cyclohexenone derivatives (Maier et al, 2000) and mycorradicin derivatives (also called yellow pigment; Klingner et al, 1995), which accumulate in mycorrhizal roots and are suggested to play a functional role in AM (Fester et al, 2002;Strack et al, 2003), were not affected by the increased invertase activity (Table I). In nonmycorrhizal plants these metabolites could not be detected (data not shown; see also Fester et al, 2002Fester et al, , 2005Schliemann et al, 2006). Induction of invertase activity starting at the beginning of fungal colonization (3 weeks after inoculation) also had no effect on the mycorrhization (Supplemental Fig.…”

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confidence: 92%

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Regulation of Arbuscular Mycorrhization by Carbon. The Symbiotic Interaction Cannot Be Improved by Increased Carbon Availability Accomplished by Root-Specifically Enhanced Invertase Activity

Schaarschmidt

González²,

Roitsch³

et al. 2007

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

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The mutualistic interaction in arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is characterized by an exchange of mineral nutrients and carbon. The major benefit of AM, which is the supply of phosphate to the plant, and the stimulation of mycorrhization by low phosphate fertilization has been well studied. However, less is known about the regulatory function of carbon availability on AM formation. Here the effect of enhanced levels of hexoses in the root, the main form of carbohydrate used by the fungus, on AM formation was analyzed. Modulation of the root carbohydrate status was performed by expressing genes encoding a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)-derived invertase, which was directed to different subcellular locations. Using tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) alcTcwINV plants, the yeast invertase was induced in the whole root system or in root parts. Despite increased hexose levels in these roots, we did not detect any effect on the colonization with Glomus intraradices analyzed by assessment of fungal structures and the level of fungus-specific palmitvaccenic acid, indicative for the fungal carbon supply, or the plant phosphate content. Roots of Medicago truncatula, transformed to express genes encoding an apoplast-, cytosol-, or vacuolar-located yeastderived invertase, had increased hexose-to-sucrose ratios compared to b-glucuronidase-transformed roots. However, transformations with the invertase genes did not affect mycorrhization. These data suggest the carbohydrate supply in AM cannot be improved by root-specifically increased hexose levels, implying that under normal conditions sufficient carbon is available in mycorrhizal roots. In contrast, tobacco rolCTppa plants with defective phloem loading and tobacco pyk10TInvInh plants with decreased acid invertase activity in roots exhibited a diminished mycorrhization.Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) represents a widespread mutualistic association between soil-born fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota and most land plants. The AM interaction enables the plant to improve its supply of water and mineral nutrients, mainly phosphate. In return, the obligate biotrophic AM fungi are provided with carbon. In the Arum-type interaction, as analyzed here between Glomus sp. and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) or Medicago truncatula, the AM fungus colonizes the cortical cells by formation of intra-and intercellular hyphae and very characteristic haustorialike structures, the highly branched intracellular arbuscules. When the carbon supply is sufficient, lipid-rich vesicles are formed intercellularly within the cortex, as fungal storage organs. Intracellular fungal structures are separated from the plant cytoplasm by an extension of the plasma membrane, forming the periarbuscular membrane surrounding the arbuscule. The greatly increased surfaces of host and arbuscule plasma membranes offers optimized conditions for effective nutrient exchange via the established symbiotic interface (for review, see Gianinazzi-Pearson et al., 1996;Harrison, 1999).The exchange of phosphate via the periarbuscular interface and th...

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“…Methanol extracts were analyzed by HPLC according to Schliemann et al (2006). A 10 mL aliquot of each extract was injected onto a 5 mm Nucleosil C 18 column (250 3 4 mm i.d.…”

Section: Metabolite Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Regulation of Arbuscular Mycorrhization by Carbon. The Symbiotic Interaction Cannot Be Improved by Increased Carbon Availability Accomplished by Root-Specifically Enhanced Invertase Activity

Schaarschmidt

González²,

Roitsch³

et al. 2007

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

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show abstract

“…the olive fruit and olive oil contains the antioxidants phytochemicals hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein., . 23 Pine [52] Pinus sylvestris Catechins, taxifolin, and phenolic acids 24 Red Chestnut [53] Aesculus carnea Epicatechin and procyanidins 25 Rock Rose [54] Helianthemum nummularium Polyphenolic compounds, and kaempferol derivates, chlorogenic and gallic phenylcarboxylic acids 26 Rock Water Aqua petra 27 Scleranthus [55] Scleranthus annuus Flavanoids and tannis 28 Star of Bethlehem [56,57] Ornithogalum umbellatum Cardenolides, phenols, flavonoids, Rhodexin A and rhodexoside 29 Sweet Chestnut [58] Castanea sativa Flavanoids and terpenoids 30 Vervain [59,60] Verbena officinalis…”

Section: Role Of Flower Essences In Health Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Curative Powers of Bach Remedies: A Review

Mashru¹

2017

WJPR

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“…3) was found to be the chromophore of the yellow pigments that were eluted as a single broad peak in HPLC. 39,40) It was assumed that mycorradicin is esterified to as yet unknown compounds, 41) or bound in oligo-or polyesters to cyclohexenone derivatives in the case of Zea mays. 40) Free mycorradicin is liberated and detected only after mild alkaline hydrolysis of the yellow complex, although a trace amount of free mycorradicin, along with a series of its derivatives, was recently found for the first time in mycorrhizal roots of Ornithogalum umbellatum.…”

Section: Am-specific Accumulation Of Mycorradicin and Cyclohexenomentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Identification and Functional Analysis of Apocarotenoids Involved in the Development of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

Akiyama

2007

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Arbuscular mycorrhizae formed between more than 80% of land plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi represent the most widespread symbiosis on the earth. AM fungi facilitate the uptake of soil nutrients, especially phosphate, by plants, and in return obtain carbohydrates from hosts. Apocarotenoids, oxidative cleavage products of carotenoids, have been found to play a critical role in the establishment of AM symbiosis. Strigolactones previously isolated as seed-germination stimulants for root parasitic weeds act as a chemical signal for AM fungi during presymbiotic stages. Stimulation of carotenoid metabolism, leading to massive accumulation of mycorradicin and cyclohexenone derivatives, occurs during root colonization by AM fungi. This review highlights research into the chemical identification of arbuscular mycorrhiza-related apocarotenoids and their role in the regulation and establishment of AM symbiosis conducted in the past 10 years.

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Accumulation of apocarotenoids in mycorrhizal roots of Ornithogalum umbellatum

Cited by 40 publications

References 29 publications

Regulation of Arbuscular Mycorrhization by Carbon. The Symbiotic Interaction Cannot Be Improved by Increased Carbon Availability Accomplished by Root-Specifically Enhanced Invertase Activity

Regulation of Arbuscular Mycorrhization by Carbon. The Symbiotic Interaction Cannot Be Improved by Increased Carbon Availability Accomplished by Root-Specifically Enhanced Invertase Activity

Curative Powers of Bach Remedies: A Review

Chemical Identification and Functional Analysis of Apocarotenoids Involved in the Development of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

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