Accumulation of 6-deoxocathasterone and 6-deoxocastasterone in Arabidopsis, pea and tomato is suggestive of common rate-limiting steps in brassinosteroid biosynthesis

Nomura, T.; Sato, Tatsuro; Bishop, Gerard J.; Kamiya, Yûji; Takatsuto, Suguru; Yokota, Takao

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00440-4

Cited by 89 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…1, B and C, and 6B). This pattern is entirely consistent with the well-characterized feedback regulation of this step in several different species (Nomura et al, 2001;Bancos et al, 2002;Goda et al, 2002) and indicates that VvBR6OX1 transcript levels may also be negatively regulated by bioactive BR levels in grape berries. Indeed, this is a clear demonstration of the feedback regulation of this step in response to changes in endogenous BR levels.…”

Section: Insights Into Br Biosynthesis In Grapesupporting

confidence: 87%

“…For instance, the relatively high level of 6-DeoxoCS compared with typhasterol is similar to the situation in tomato, pea, and Arabidopsis, where the late C-6 oxidation pathway (Fig. 2) is thought to be the predominant biosynthesis pathway for BRs (Nomura et al, 2001). The current data therefore suggest that a similar situation may occur in grapes.…”

Section: Insights Into Br Biosynthesis In Grapesupporting

confidence: 59%

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Grapes on Steroids. Brassinosteroids Are Involved in Grape Berry Ripening

et al. 2005

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Fruit ripening is a unique plant developmental process with direct implications for our food supply, nutrition, and health. In contrast to climacteric fruit, where ethylene is pivotal, the hormonal control of ripening in nonclimacteric fruit, such as grape (Vitis vinifera), is poorly understood. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroidal hormones, essential for normal plant growth and development but not previously implicated in the ripening of nonclimacteric fruit. Here we show that increases in endogenous BR levels, but not indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or GA levels, are associated with ripening in grapes. Putative grape homologs of genes encoding BR biosynthesis enzymes (BRASSINOSTEROID-6-OXIDASE and DWARF1) and the BR receptor (BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1) were isolated, and the function of the grape BRASSINOSTEROID-6-OXIDASE gene was confirmed by transgenic complementation of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) extreme dwarf (d x /d x ) mutant. Expression analysis of these genes during berry development revealed transcript accumulation patterns that were consistent with a dramatic increase in endogenous BR levels observed at the onset of fruit ripening. Furthermore, we show that application of BRs to grape berries significantly promoted ripening, while brassinazole, an inhibitor of BR biosynthesis, significantly delayed fruit ripening. These results provide evidence that changes in endogenous BR levels influence this key developmental process. This may provide a significant insight into the mechanism controlling ripening in grapes, which has direct implications for the logistics of grape production and down-stream processing.

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Section: Insights Into Br Biosynthesis In Grapesupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Insights Into Br Biosynthesis In Grapesupporting

confidence: 59%

Grapes on Steroids. Brassinosteroids Are Involved in Grape Berry Ripening

et al. 2005

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“…Quantitative BR analyses of cpd and Col-0 plants, as well as of the cpd, det2, and cpd/det2 mutants, were performed using procedures described by Nomura et al (21) and Fujioka et al (14). Methanol extracts were spiked with [ 2 H 6 ]BR internal standards before solvent evaporation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CYP90A1/CPD, a Brassinosteroid Biosynthetic Cytochrome P450 of Arabidopsis, Catalyzes C-3 Oxidation

Ohnishi

Godza

Watanabe

et al. 2012

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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152

116

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Background: Recent results raised doubts regarding the earlier proposed C-23 hydroxylase function of CYP90A1/CPD in brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Results: The enzymatic role of CYP90A1/CPD is determined by analytical, genetic, and direct biochemical approaches. Conclusion: CYP90A1 catalyzes C-3 oxidation of early brassinosteroid intermediates. Significance: Our results highlight the primary role of the campestanol-independent pathway in brassinosteroid biosynthesis.

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“…BR extraction, purification, and analysis were carried out as described by Nomura et al (2001). In brief, methanol extracts of the plant material were spiked with deuterated BRs prior to reduction to aqueous residues.…”

Section: Gc-ms Analysis Of Br Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal Regulation of the Brassinosteroid-Biosynthetic CPD Gene in Arabidopsis

et al. 2006

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Plant steroid hormones, brassinosteroids (BRs), are essential for normal photomorphogenesis. However, the mechanism by which light controls physiological functions via BRs is not well understood. Using transgenic plants carrying promoter-luciferase reporter gene fusions, we show that in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) the BR-biosynthetic CPD and CYP85A2 genes are under diurnal regulation. The complex diurnal expression profile of CPD is determined by dual, light-dependent, and circadian control. The severely decreased expression level of CPD in phytochrome-deficient background and the red light-specific induction in wildtype plants suggest that light regulation of CPD is primarily mediated by phytochrome signaling. The diurnal rhythmicity of CPD expression is maintained in brassinosteroid insensitive 1 transgenic seedlings, indicating that its transcriptional control is independent of hormonal feedback regulation. Diurnal changes in the expression of CPD and CYP85A2 are accompanied by changes of the endogenous BR content during the day, leading to brassinolide accumulation at the middle of the light phase. We also show that CPD expression is repressed in extended darkness in a BR feedback-dependent manner. In the dark the level of the bioactive hormone did not increase; therefore, our data strongly suggest that light also influences the sensitivity of plants to BRs.

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Accumulation of 6-deoxocathasterone and 6-deoxocastasterone in Arabidopsis, pea and tomato is suggestive of common rate-limiting steps in brassinosteroid biosynthesis

Cited by 89 publications

References 23 publications

Grapes on Steroids. Brassinosteroids Are Involved in Grape Berry Ripening

Grapes on Steroids. Brassinosteroids Are Involved in Grape Berry Ripening

CYP90A1/CPD, a Brassinosteroid Biosynthetic Cytochrome P450 of Arabidopsis, Catalyzes C-3 Oxidation

Diurnal Regulation of the Brassinosteroid-Biosynthetic CPD Gene in Arabidopsis

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