Accumulation, elimination, and effects of parenteral exposure to aluminum in newborn and adult rats

Veiga, Marlei; Bohrer, Denise; Banderó, Cristina R.R.; Oliveira, Sandra M. R. de; Nascimento, Paulo Cı́cero do; Mattiazzi, Patrícia; Mello, Carlos Fernando; Lenz, Quéli Fernandes; Oliveira, Mauro Schneider

doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.07.028

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Al-loaded parenteral nutrition-associated metabolic bone disease is manifested primarily as osteopenia and fractures. In an earlier study [29], we found that the administration of Al to two-month-old rats caused an increase in Al concentration in all tissues, although the highest levels were also found in the liver, bones, and in the kidneys.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Interference of Parenteral Nutrition Components in Silicon-Mediated Protection Against Aluminum Bioaccumulation

Kunz,

Bohrer,

do Nascimento

et al. 2023

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Aluminum and silicon are contaminants found in formulations used to prepare parenteral nutrition. Both elements are leached from glass containers, mainly during the heating cycle for sterilization. Insoluble and biologically inactive species of hydroxyaluminosilicates have been shown to form in solutions containing Al and Si. Therefore, this interaction may play an important role in protecting the body against Al toxicity. In this study, the bioavailability of Al in the presence of Si, calcium gluconate (Gluc.) and potassium phosphate (Phosf.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Interference of Parenteral Nutrition Components in Silicon-Mediated Protection Against Aluminum Bioaccumulation

Kunz,

Bohrer,

do Nascimento

et al. 2023

Biol Trace Elem Res

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“…There is a lack of studies on the toxicological effects of thimerosal and aluminum hydroxide, mainly in combination and in different tissues. These compounds are still used as components in pediatric vaccines [ 53 , 54 ], which has raised questions about their possible toxic mechanisms. It is important to emphasize that this is a primary and mechanistic study, and the dose of choice was much higher than the dose used in mandatory vaccines for children aged 0 to 10 years in Brazil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological Effects of Thimerosal and Aluminum in the Liver, Kidney, and Brain of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Galiciolli,

Silva,

Prodocimo

et al. 2023

Metabolites

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Vaccination programs in the first years of a child’s life are effective and extremely important strategies for the successful eradication of diseases. However, as no intervention is without risks, the metal-based components of some vaccines, such as thimerosal (TMS), a preservative composed of ethylmercury, and aluminum (Al), have begun to generate distrust on the part of the population. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of exposure to thimerosal and aluminum hydroxide (alone or in mixture) on Danio rerio (zebrafish) specimens. The fish were exposed to thimerosal and/or aluminum hydroxide intraperitoneally. The liver, kidney, and brain were removed for a biochemical biomarker analysis, histopathological analysis, and metal quantification. As a result, we observed changes in the activity of the analyzed enzymes (SOD, GST, GPx) in the kidney and brain of the zebrafish, a reduction in GSH levels in all analyzed tissues, and a reduction in MT levels in the kidney and liver as well as in the brain. Changes in AChE enzyme activity were observed. The biochemical results corroborate the changes observed in the lesion index and histomorphology sections. We emphasize the importance of joint research on these compounds to increase the population’s safety against their possible toxic effects.

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“…Regarding Al, Veiga et al [ 73 ] showed the greatest Al accumulation in all tissues of newborn rats (including the cortex and hippocampus) compared to older age groups receiving intraperitoneal doses of Al. In mice, an injection of a vaccine containing Al showed extremely slow clearance from the CNS [ 74 ].…”

Section: Exposure and Metabolism Of Ethg And Al During Early Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Mercury and Aluminum in Early Life: Developmental Vulnerability as a Modifying Factor in Neurologic and Immunologic Effects

Dórea

2015

IJERPH

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Currently, ethylmercury (EtHg) and adjuvant-Al are the dominating interventional exposures encountered by fetuses, newborns, and infants due to immunization with Thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs). Despite their long use as active agents of medicines and fungicides, the safety levels of these substances have never been determined, either for animals or for adult humans—much less for fetuses, newborns, infants, and children. I reviewed the literature for papers reporting on outcomes associated with (a) multiple exposures and metabolism of EtHg and Al during early life; (b) physiological and metabolic characteristics of newborns, neonates, and infants relevant to xenobiotic exposure and effects; (c) neurobehavioral, immunological, and inflammatory reactions to Thimerosal and Al-adjuvants resulting from TCV exposure in infancy. Immunological and neurobehavioral effects of Thimerosal-EtHg and Al-adjuvants are not extraordinary; rather, these effects are easily detected in high and low income countries, with co-exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) or other neurotoxicants. Rigorous and replicable studies (in different animal species) have shown evidence of EtHg and Al toxicities. More research attention has been given to EtHg and findings have showed a solid link with neurotoxic effects in humans; however, the potential synergic effect of both toxic agents has not been properly studied. Therefore, early life exposure to both EtHg and Al deserves due consideration.

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Accumulation, elimination, and effects of parenteral exposure to aluminum in newborn and adult rats

Cited by 13 publications

References 42 publications

Interference of Parenteral Nutrition Components in Silicon-Mediated Protection Against Aluminum Bioaccumulation

Interference of Parenteral Nutrition Components in Silicon-Mediated Protection Against Aluminum Bioaccumulation

Toxicological Effects of Thimerosal and Aluminum in the Liver, Kidney, and Brain of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Exposure to Mercury and Aluminum in Early Life: Developmental Vulnerability as a Modifying Factor in Neurologic and Immunologic Effects

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