Accumulation and persistence of picloram (Tordon 10K) in surface water and bottom sediments in West Virginia

Dennis, D. Steve; Gillespie, William H.; Maxey, Robert A.; Shaw, Ray

doi:10.1007/bf02097782

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…It is used to control annual broadleaf weeds at low rates and deeply rooted herbaceous weeds, vines and woody plants at higher rates in cereals such as wheat, barley, sugarcane and oats [1,6,7]. PCM had been detected in fresh water in a concentration range between 0.3 lg/L [1] and 437 lg/L [8]. The maximum level of picloram contamination in drinking water, recommended by EPA (Environmental Protection Agency, USA), is 0.5 mg/L.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights on the structure of the picloram–montmorillonite surface complexes

Marco-Brown¹,

Trinelli²,

Gaigneaux

et al. 2015

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights on the structure of the picloram–montmorillonite surface complexes

Marco-Brown¹,

Trinelli²,

Gaigneaux

et al. 2015

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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Evaluating the degradation of the herbicides picloram and 2,4-D in a compartmentalized reactive biobarrier with internal liquid recirculation

Ordaz-Guillén

Galíndez-Mayer

Ruiz‐Ordaz

et al. 2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Tordon is a widely used herbicide formulation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), and it is considered a toxic herbicide. The purposes of this work were to assess the feasibility of a microbial consortium inoculated in a lab-scale compartmentalized biobarrier, to remove these herbicides, and isolate, identify, and evaluate their predominant microbial constituents. Volumetric loading rates of herbicides ranging from 31.2 to 143.9 g m(-3) day(-1), for 2,4-D, and 12.8 to 59.3 g m(-3) day(-1) for picloram were probed; however, the top operational limit of the biobarrier, detected by a decay in the removal efficiency, was not reached. At the highest loading rates probed, high average removal efficiencies of 2,4-D, 99.56 ± 0.44; picloram, 94.58 ± 2.62; and chemical oxygen demand (COD), 89.42 ± 3.68, were obtained. It was found that the lab-scale biofilm reactor efficiently removed both herbicides at dilution rates ranging from 0.92 to 4.23 day(-1), corresponding to hydraulic retention times from 1.087 to 0.236 days. On the other hand, few microbial strains able to degrade picloram are reported in the literature. In this work, three of the nine bacterial strains isolated cometabolically degrade picloram. They were identified as Hydrocarboniphaga sp., Tsukamurella sp., and Cupriavidus sp.

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