“…The strength of perceived efficacy is measured by degrees of certainty that one can perform given tasks (Brouwer et al, 2010). Students who have high self-efficacy tend to make persistent efforts, diligence, tenacity, and perseverance (Datu, Yuen, & Chen, 2017;Lightsey Jr, Maxwell, Nash, Rarey, & McKinney, 2011;Raqshin & Nirjar, 2012). Also, they usually target high scores, have a greater curiosity to learn, actively ask questions in class, love to read and review literature, not easily discouraged, and consider failure to be a positive motivation (Al Mutir, 2015;Shikalepoh, 2016).…”