Accretion of Galaxies around Supermassive Black Holes and a Theoretical Model of the Tully-Fisher and M-Sigma Relations

Gorkavyi, Nick

doi:10.3390/galaxies10030073

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…The Big Bang scatters black holes that did not enter the Big Hole throughout the Universe. In this process, supermassive black holes (SMBH) surviving the maximum compression can serve as seeds for the formation of galaxies [21].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the discovery of gravitational waves generated by the merger of stellar-mass black holes (Abbott et al [16]), hypotheses emerged suggesting that all dark matter consists of black holes (Kashlinsky [17]; Bird et al [18]; Clesse and Garcia-Bellido [19]). Given that supermassive black holes are found at the center of every galaxy [20,21], one can assert the exceptional importance of black holes for cosmological models. Note the article by Di Valentino et al [22] about non-zero curvature of space, supporting the idea of a closed universe or a universe inside a black hole.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Entropy of Black Holes and an Oscillating Universe

Gorkavyi

2023

Preprint

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The model of an oscillating universe proposed by A. Friedmann in 1922 dominated cosmology for a long time. R. Tolman put forward a thermodynamic argument against the cyclic cosmological model, believing that entropy should accumulate from cycle to cycle. J. Bekenstein and S. Hawking discovered a tremendous amount of entropy associated with black holes. This discovery led to the conclusion that the majority of the Universe's entropy is contained in black holes. N. Poplawski considers a Universe that oscillates within a black hole. This paper analyzes the relationship between the entropy of black holes and the oscillating Universe inside a large black hole. It is demonstrated that the entropy of a black hole can only be defined for an external observer. For an observer inside the black hole, its entropy is zero. This opens up the possibility of constructing a cyclic cosmology in which entropy and the size of the visible part of the Universe change strictly periodically. This does not violate the second law of thermodynamics because the continuous accumulation of entropy from cycle to cycle pertains to the surface of the big black hole, which is invisible to the internal observer.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%