“…Though MOOCs partly eliminated the deficiencies of OER, it has also unique criticisms such as lack of interaction between instructors and students (Hill, 2013;Billington & Fronmueller, 2013), unavailable course credits (Shen & Kuo, 2015), reliability of learning (Pundak et al, 2014), questionable course quality (Chen, 2014), sustainability (Universities UK, 2013), ineffective assessments (Shen & Kuo, 2015), and a high dropout rate (Daniel, 2012;Fischer, 2014;Sandeen, 2013a;Yousef, Chatti, Schroeder, & Wosnitza, 2014). These deficiencies will likely continue until MOOCs mature or transform to a new form.…”