Accounting the effects of WTO accession on trade-embodied emissions: Evidence from China

Liu, Zhengyan; Song, Peng; Mao, Xianqiang

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.08.100

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Material use and gross energy use showed the greatest increase over time-two pressures that relate to the increasing secondary and tertiary nature of our economies. The growth of materials and energy embodied in internationally traded products was thus more a result of other drivers, such as restructuring in the international division of labor, than of the implementation of specific climate policies (compare Liu et al [2016]). At the regional level, the industrialization and increasing role of China and other Asian countries in international supply chains contributed to an increase of environmental pressures displaced through trade (Dietzenbacher et al 2012).…”

Section: Environmental Leakagementioning

confidence: 99%

Growth in Environmental Footprints and Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: Resource Efficiency Indicators from EXIOBASE3

Wood

Stadler

Simas

et al. 2018

J of Industrial Ecology

157

107

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SummaryMost countries show a relative decoupling of economic growth from domestic resource use, implying increased resource efficiency. However, international trade facilitates the exchange of products between regions with disparate resource productivity. Hence, for an understanding of resource efficiency from a consumption perspective that takes into account the impacts in the upstream supply chains, there is a need to assess the environmental pressures embodied in trade. We use EXIOBASE3, a new multiregional input-output database, to examine the rate of increase in resource efficiency, and investigate the ways in which international trade contributes to the displacement of pressures on the environment from the consumption of a population. We look at the environmental pressures of energy use, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, material use, water use, and land use. Material use stands out as the only indicator growing in both absolute and relative terms to population and gross domestic product (GDP), while land use is the only indicator showing absolute decoupling from both references. Energy, GHG, and water use show relative decoupling. As a percentage of total global environmental pressure, we calculate the net impact displaced through trade rising from 23% to 32% for material use (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011), 23% to 26% for water use, 20% to 29% for energy use, 20% to 26% for land use, and 19% to 24% for GHG emissions. The results show a substantial disparity between trade-related impacts for Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and non-OECD countries. At the product group level, we observe the most rapid growth in environmental footprints in clothing and footwear. The analysis points to implications for future policies aiming to achieve environmental targets, while fully considering potential displacement effects through international trade.

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Section: Environmental Leakagementioning

confidence: 99%

Growth in Environmental Footprints and Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: Resource Efficiency Indicators from EXIOBASE3

Wood

Stadler

Simas

et al. 2018

J of Industrial Ecology

157

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Assuming that each region is capable of producing the goods they import, they calculate a net balance of avoided emissions and evaluate whether such trade increases or reduces emissions. Many of the works have focused their interest in China, and found that trade with China in developed countries has led to an increase in global emissions, confirming the pollution haven hypothesis (see, e.g., Zhang, 2012; López et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2016a and2016b).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 77%

The global CO2 emission cost of geographic shifts in international sourcing

2018

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In this paper we simulated the global direct CO 2 emission cost of geographic shift of international sourcing for the period 1995-2011 by comparing the scenarios with and without geographic shift. Our simulations indicate that in 2011, had the share of trade by the sourcing economy remained at the level of 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2008 whereas the global final demand remained the same, global CO 2 emissions in production processes would have been 2.8 Gt, 2.0 Gt, 1.3 Gt, and 540 Mt, respectively, lower than the actual emissions. As there is a general outsourcing trend shifted from developed economies to developing economies, the overall direct emission costs have always been significantly positive. Further investigations by economy and industry show that such a geographic shift was mainly dominated by developed economies themselves and occurred in high-tech industries, such as production of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) goods and machinery, leading to positive emission cost in developing economies, especially China. Moreover, there is potentially even larger influence of geographic shift of sourcing on global CO 2 emissions, as such a shift would stimulate the economic growth and consumptions in developing economies, consequently this may bring additional energy demand and CO 2 emissions. Our results addressed the urgency of eliminating in carbon emission intensity gap between developing and developed economies and the successful development of new, scalable low carbon energy sourcing and technologies across the world.

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“…Further, considering both emissions embodied in export and import simultaneously, the balance of emissions embodied in trade (BEET) 77,78 in the global PV product trade can be calculated by equation 3and equation (4).…”

Section: Accounting For Embodied Carbon and Pollutant Emissions In Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers on PV trade will impede global carbon mitigation and local pollutant emissions reduction

Wang¹,

Mao²,

Xing³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The global trade of solar photovoltaic (PV) products substantially contributes to the increases in solar power generation and carbon emission reduction. This paper depicts the global PV product trade patterns and explores the emissions reduction potential, evaluates the impeding effect of tariff barriers on global PV product trade and the emissions reduction. In 2014 and 2017, the application of traded solar cells and modules resulted in emissions reductions of up to 840.71 and 1,734.59 Mt CO2e as well as substantial reductions in local pollutants. From 2017 to 2050, traded solar cells and modules will result in an approximately 55.76-86.45 Gt CO2e reduction. Extra-tariff imposition in its worst situation will result in global PV applications decreasing by 7.06% and carbon emissions mitigation potential decreasing by 5.09-7.89 Gt CO2e by 2050. Well-coordinated policy and institutional reforms are recommended to facilitate PV product trade and deliver related global and local environmental benefits.

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Accounting the effects of WTO accession on trade-embodied emissions: Evidence from China

Cited by 25 publications

References 36 publications

Growth in Environmental Footprints and Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: Resource Efficiency Indicators from EXIOBASE3

Growth in Environmental Footprints and Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: Resource Efficiency Indicators from EXIOBASE3

The global CO2 emission cost of geographic shifts in international sourcing

Barriers on PV trade will impede global carbon mitigation and local pollutant emissions reduction

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